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An intellectual movement that applied reason to issues of emotions, social relations, and politics. |
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Individual Rights
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Naturalness
Universal Education
Social Equality
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Changes in Middle Class Pre-Classical |
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Larger middle class, public concerts, more music in the home, more private lessons
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New Goals of mid and late 18th century music |
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1. Avoid contrapuntal complexity
2. Melodies with short phrases and simple accompanies
3. International Language
4. Appeal to all tastes
5. Natural sounding and immediately pleasing
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1. Melodies from repeated motives and short phrases
2. Combine phrases into larger periods
3. Simple harmonies with frequent cadences
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-Originated in Italy
– Associated with CPE Bach
– Surprising turns in harmony, chromaticism, speechlike melodies
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– Mozart and Haydn
– analogy to Greek and Roman art
– 1730 to 1815
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Wrote Versuch einer Anleitung zur Composition, which applied principles of rhetoric and grammar to music. Sentences like periods of a melody… etc. |
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– A hierarchy of cadences developed, with the strongest marking the end of a period, section, or movement. |
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– moods were allowed to change
– multiple affects within a section
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– aka comic opera
– full-length work, sung throughout
– six+ characters
– charicatured aristocrats and commoners
– used stock characters from the commedia dell’arte
– dialogue set to rapidly delivered recitative
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– Uses short tuneful phrases
– da capo form
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– short, comic musical interlude between acts of a serious opera or play.;
– plots typically are comedies involving ordinary people, sometimes parodying excess of serious operas.;
– usually have only 2 singing roles, one of which is bass.
– music alternates between recitative and refrain
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Intermezzo by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi with three characters questioning the social hierarchy
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