Fugue
-baroque form
-composed by Bach
-any instrumentation, but predominantly keyboard
-instrumental work based on imitative counterpoint
-subject is repeated in all voices
Johann Sebastian Bach
-Baroque composer, active from 1700-1720
-Born in Germany
-Did both freelance and aristocratic worm
-composed 400 Lutheran cantatas, songs, oratorios, fugues, concertos, sonatas, suites, concertos, but NO opera
-music is distinctly Baroque
Classical Period
1750-1825
String Quartet
-2 Violins, 1 Viola, 1 Cello
-Invented by Haydn
-Classical Genre
-Follows Sonata Cycle
Sonata
-Classical Genre
-Composed by Beethoven, Bach, Mozart, Haydn
-Multi-movement work for solo instrument or solo instrument with piano accompaniment
-Beethoven wrote 33 famous piano sonatas
-Follows Sonata Cycle, Sonata form (exposition, development, recapitulation)
Symphony
-Classical Genre
-Composed by Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn
-Multi-movement work for orchestra alone
-Typically 3-4 movements, fast/slow/fast
-Follows sonata cycle
-Most important genre in classical music
The Four Seasons: “Summer” Movement 3
High Baroque
Concerto
Vivaldi
(The one that sounds like a rainstorm)
Little Fugue in g minor
High Baroque
Fugue
Bach
for Organ
Scoglio D’immoto Fronte
High Baroque
from Scipione
Opera Seria
Handel
(The only one with a solo vocalist)
Ludwig van Beethoven
-Classical Composer (active 1800-1825)
-Born in Germany, lived in Austria
-Met Mozart, studied with Haydn
-composed both freelance and aristocratic
-composed operas, songs, sonatas, 9 symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, and a vast amount of chamber music
Franz Joseph Haydn
Classical composer (active 1750-1770)
-Austrian
-Taught Beethoven
-invented/perfected the string quartet
-Composed some opera, concertos, symphonies, suites, string quartets, sonatas, some chamber music
Symphony no.5, Movement 1
classical
symphony
Beethoven
(da da da DUH)
Ein feste Burg
High baroque
Lutheran cantata
Bach
All we like sheep
High Baroque
From Messiah
Oratorio
Handel
Piano Concerto no.5
“The Emporer”
Mvt. 3
Classical
Concerto
Beethoven
Symphony no. 35
Movement 1
Classical
Symphony
Mozart
Hornpipe from Water Music
High baroque
Suite
Handel
String Quartet op.33 no.3 mvnt. 4
“The Bird”
Classical
String Quartet
Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
-Classical Composer (1770-90)
-Born in Germany, studied in Vienna
-Composed symphonies, sonatas, concertos, oratorios, masses
-Known primarily for opera compositions: dominant opera composer of classical period
-freelance composer
George Frideric Handel
-Baroque composer (1700-1720)
-Composed Oratorio, opera seria, cantatas, instrumental works
-born in Germany, travelled in Italy, studied in England
-Messiah is his Oratorio, Water Music is his Suite
Concerto
-Baroque and classical genre
-multi-movement work for solo instrument and orchestra
-Baroque: ritornello form
-Classical: double exposition form
-3 movements, fast/slow/fast
Oratorio
-Baroque genre
-sacred work meant to be unstaged
-featuring solo vocalists, chorus, and orchestra
-composer was Handel
-recit/aria/recit/aria
-da capo aria
Suite
-Baroque genre
-Written by Handel, Bach
-Water Music
-Multi-movement work for any instrumentation based on dance
Opera Seria
-Serious opera
-Baroque genre
-usually featuring royal characters with historical plots
-3 acts, meant to be staged
-recit, aria, recit, da capo aria
Opera Buffa
-classical genre
-composed by Mozart
-comic opera, with much more involved, comedic plots
-no castrati tenor, no da capo form, ensemble is important
-Most famous are written by Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte, librettist
Antonio Vivaldi
-Baroque composer (1700-1720)
-wrote 400+ concertos as well as some sacred works, including operas and “Gloria”
-virtuoso violinist, moved from Venice to Vienna
-ritornello form