melody

a line of notes

Hire a custom writer who has experience.
It's time for you to submit amazing papers!


order now

a consequtive order of tones creating musical ideas

interval

distance btewwn any two pictches in a melody
phrases
units that make up melodys
countermelody
melody that accompanies another melody
rhythmm
what moves music forward in time
meter
marked off in measures, organizes the beats in music
harmony
simultaneous events in music
chord
simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches
dissonance
unstable or discordant harmony.
form
organizing principle in music. repittion, contrast, and variation
binary form
A-B
ternary form
ABA
sonata
AABB form
texture
the interweaving of the melodic lines with harmony in music
monyphony
the simplest texture- single voiced music no accompaniment
heterophony
multiple voices elaborating on the same melody at the same time
polyphony
many-voiced texture based on counterpoint- one line set against another
homophony
one melodic voice is prominent over the accompanying lines or voices
imitation
when a melodic idea is presented in one voice then restated in another- canons and rounds
form
the organizing principle in music
tempo
rate of speed or pace of music
allegro
fast

adagio

quite slow
accelerando
speeding up
ritardando
to slow down
dynamics

describes the volume or how loud or soft the music is played- forte and piano

brass
trumpet, french horn, trumbone, tuba
strings

violin, viola, cello, bass

percussion
tympany, xylophone, cymbals, triangle, bass drum, chimes
woodwin
flute, oboe, clarinet, basoon, saxophone
chamber music
ensemble music for small groups
orchesatra

80 to 100 players

middle ages
476 to 1450
middle ages music
driven by the church- all written for the church and virgin mary

medieval music

gregorian chants, ordinary of the mass, organum an duplum
gregorian chants
monophonic, nonmetric set in church modes or scales
organum

the paris cathedral of notre dame had this.

it is the earliest type of polyphony

2,3,or 4 voice parts sung in fixed rhythmic patterns

motet

a polyphony

proper
texts that vary form day to day in church
ordinary
texts that are the same in every mass
Hildegar of Bingen

1098-1179

a nun who sang the ordinary- made it famous

ordinary

kyrie, gloria, credo, santus, agnus, dei

polyphonic

sacred music composers
josquin des prez and giovanni pierluigi da palestrina
ave maria
motet to the virgin mary by josquin des prez
madrigal

originated in italy as a form of aristocratic entertainment

form of poetry and music put together

baroque era

1600-1750

change in politices, science, and arts

religious wars

new world colonization

monody
solo song with instrumental accompaniment
florentine camerata
developed the monody
opera

important new genre of the baroque era

large scale music drama

poetry, acting, scenery, costumes, singing and instruments

opera parts

overture

solo arias (lyrical songs)

recitatives (speechlike declamations of the text)

choruses

claudio monteverdi

wrote operas based on mythology and roman history

helped establish the love duet as a central part of the opera

henry purcell
wrote dido and aeneas which was based on The Aeneid the roman epic
George Frideric handel

1685 to 1759

wrote serious italian operas

 

cantata
vocal genre for solo singers and instrumental accompaniment based on lyric, dramatic, or narrative poetry
chorale

hymn tune- sung in 4 part harmony

Johann Sebastian Bach

wrote chorales

and chorale fugues (based on imitation)

oratorio
large scale dramatic genre with a religous or biblical text performed by solo voices, chorus, and orchestra
messiah
oratorio in three parts with a french overture, lyrical arias, majestic choruses
sonata
new large scale instrumental forms in the baroque
vivaldi

virtuoso violinist,

composed 4 seasons

 

absolute music
no specific pictoral or literary program
classical era
1750-1825 and is characterized by order objectivity and harmonious proportion

classical musicians

Haydn, Mozart, Beethovem Schubert- all composed large scale musical forms
classical music
characterized by a singable, lyrical melody, diatonic harmony, regular rhythms and meters, homphonic texture
chamber music
ensemble music for two to about ten performers with one player per part

mozart

child prodigy who started to write music before the age of 5.

wrote A little Night Music- for strings

Haydn

worke under the patronage of the Eszterhazy court

Wrote symphonies no. 94 and Surprise

lived 1732-1809 in Austria

Beethoven

transitional figure between classical and romantic

nine symphonies

wrote about political opinions through his music

romanticism

rise of middle class or bourgeois society

poets and artists flourished

early twentieth century

diverse artistic trends of the earl twentieth century were reaction against romanticism.

Arnold Schoenberg- important influential compositional technique.