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| Relative highness or lowness of sound |
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| Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another. |
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| “Distance” in pitch between any two tones |
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| Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale |
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| Interval between two tones in which the higher tone has twice the frequency of the lower tone |
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| “The harmony of spheres” He believed that the planets corresponded to musical notes. |
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| Degrees of loudness or softness in music. |
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pianissimo
piano
mezzo piano
mezzo forte
forte
fortissimo |
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pp – very soft
p – soft
mp – moderately soft
mf – moderately loud
f – loud
ff – very loud |
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| Series of pitches arranged in order from high to low or low to high. |
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| Central tone of a melody or larger piece of music. If piece is in C major, C is keynote. |
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| Smallest interval traditionally in western music. – Interval twice as large as half step. |
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| Organization of beats into regular groups |
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| Ordered flow of music through time, the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music. |
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| Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time. |
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| Accenting of a note at an unexpected time, as between two beats or on a weak beat. Typical in Jazz. |
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largo
grave
adagio
andante
moderato
allegretto
allegro
vivace
presto
prestissimo |
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very slow, broad
very slow, solemn
slow
moderately slow, walking pace
moderate
moderately fast
fast
lively
very fast
as fast as possible |
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| Series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole. |
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| Single melodic line without accompaniment |
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| Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time. |
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| music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords. |
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| How chords are constructed and how they follow each other |
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| Tone combination that is stable and restful |
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| Tone combination that is unstable and tense. |
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| monophonic, free rather than measured rhythm. |
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| composed of two parts or two pieces. |
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| composed of three parts of music |
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| medieval dance and musical form popular in Italy during the 13th and 14th century. |
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| Medieval polyphony that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines. |
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| technique of changing pitch while a syllable is being sung. |
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| each syllable of text is matched to a single note. |
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| Music of the late middle ages that was composed with rhythm. |
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| cultural movement between the 14th and 17th century. |
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| Musical representation of specific poetic images. |
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| Polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than that of the mass. |
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| Composition for several voices set to a short secular poem. |
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| Lyric driven songs usually polyphonic and secular. |
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| Choral music without instrumental accompaniment. |
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| Sacred choral composition made up of five sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. |
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| Voices, strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard, electronic. |
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