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| Gluck’s new type of opera aimed at combining the best features of Italian and French operatic traditions |
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| German opera using spoken dialogue resembling ballad opera |
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| Comic opera, spoken dialogue, tunes borrowed from ballads and other popular songs |
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| Extended dramatic composition in which all parts are sung to instrumental accompaniment |
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| Not comic opera, current in France during 19th Century and characterized by spoken dialogue |
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| Enlightenment features a reduced number of characters and a simplified libretta |
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| a musical diversion between acts of an opera or play |
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| Giovanni Battista Pergolesi composer of the famous two act intermezzo, the best known opera buffa of the first half of the 18th Century, Italian comic opera |
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| Important movement in Germany during the mid-18th Century. Variety of deeply felt emotions within a musical work |
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| Music of the 18th Century that emphasized grace, lightness in texture, and symmetrical melodic structures |
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| is the most important formal innovation of the Classical period. Composers usually used sonata form in fast (allegro) first movements and some finales of sonatas, quartets, or symphonies. |
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during the eighteenth century it replaced the solo concerto and concerto grosso as the leading genre of large-scale instrumental music.
from the Classical period onward, the symphony formed the core of most orchestral concerts.
c.1720-1810, over 12,000 symphonies were composed |
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| the concerto grosso mostly disappeared most Classic concertos were for solo violin or piano |
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| Divertimento and serenade: |
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Originally a musical diversion for chamber ensemble
Later, a lighter style and 5 mvmt. format
5 mvmts: fast/minuet+trio/slow/minuet+trio/fast |
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created by Haydn in the 1750s by adding a viola to the old Baroque trio texture
featured four evenly matched instrumental parts
designed for private (“chamber”) performances |
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instrumental chamber music in two, three, or, more rarely, four movements for soloist or small ensemble
for domestic use |
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Italian for “small sonata“
denotes a short and easy sonata
usually intended for amateur aristocratic musicians. |
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– late 18th-c. Vienna
an independent wind band playing mostly harmony
included pairs of oboes, French horns, bassoons, and clarinets |
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music for a Harmonie
e.g. Mozart’s Serenade in C Minor (1782) |
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