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| Polish trad. dance in 3 w/accent on 2nd or 3rd beat. |
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1810 – 1849
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Pianist/Composer
Character Pieces (Nocturns), Etudes, Mazurkas
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1791 – 1864
Grand Opera Composer
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1803 – 1869
Composer
Programmatic music w/idee fixe drived cyclicism
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| Recurrence of a theme in several movements of a multi-movement composition. |
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| Brief to moderate length work that establishes a mood or style. |
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| A Character Piece with an etherial, nighttime mood. |
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| Musical Capitol of Europe 1830s and 1840s |
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Paris
Louis Philippe monarch
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1797 – 1828
song –> major genre
all genres except concerto
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1. a narrative poem or its musical setting
2. traditional, usually strophic, song for a long story/poem
3. modern music: a love song with a slow tempo
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Franz Schubert
1815
Through Composed
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Franz Schubert
1817
Through Composed
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Franz Schubert
1815
Strophic
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Symphonie Fantastique
4th mvmt
“March to the Scaffold”
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“Nocturn in Db Major”
Opus 27, No. 2
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“Absence”
from Les nuits d’ete
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Hector Berlioz
1840
melodie
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genre of popular French song prevalent in the 1800s
simple and usually strophic
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genre of popular French song with more complexity and sophistication than a romance.
popular in the later 1800s
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1849-1919
Invented Functional Harmony Theory as a way to describe western music |
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| First to publish a “complete works” edition of a composer (Bach) |
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| Leipzig’s residential orchestra in the 19th C.
Rose to fame under Mendelssohn’s direction. |
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1809-1847
Kapellmeister of Gewandaus Orch 1835-47
symphonies,concertos,oratorios,chamber and incidental music
musically conservative |
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| Common Practice Period musical form is based off of two ideas… |
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| Piano Trio in D Minor
First Mvmt. Molto allegro ed agitato |
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| Felix Mendelssohn
1839
Structure: classical;romantic virtuosity |
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Austrian waltz-like dance
genre favored by Schubert |
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Type of dance
favored by Chopin in piano music |
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| Music to accompany theatrical productions |
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1810-1856
composer, writer/critic, professional pianist
mostly piano music and lieder
papillon,carnival,fantasiestucke,kinderscenen |
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1819-1896
professional pianist
father was Robert’s piano teacher
mainstay of family when Robert went nuts |
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1792-1868
ultra lyrical voices
defined the Classical Opera |
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| Opera house/Theater manager |
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| Introduzione (Introduction) |
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| lengthy, multi-sectional operatic piece that that mixes contrasting passages of choral ensemble and solo singing. |
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| Fast paced operatic piece with lots of show |
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| A fast end to a slower operatic piece |
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| A series of crescendos, shorter phrases, denser voicing and faster harmonic rhythm. |
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1813-1901
Moved Rossini’s classical opera into the Romantic period. |
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| World class opera house in Milan |
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| Casa di Riposo per Musicisti |
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| A retirement home for musicians in Milan founded by Giuseppe Verdi in 1896 |
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| “Resurgence” – Italian nationalist movement from 1814 (Napoleon’s defeat) to 1870 (Italy’s alliance with Sardinia) |
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| The Italian drinking song in an opera |
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| 5 Major Italian Opera Composers of the 19th Century |
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| Rossini, Bellini, Donizzetti, Verdi, Puccini |
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1826-64
Famous American pop composer
beautiful, lyrical melodies
parlor songs
Camptown Races, Old Folks at Home, Oh Susannah |
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Most popular staged diversion in America in 19th C.
Opera Parodies
Dance Music
Racial Stereotypes – Stock Characters |
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1801-35
long lyrical vocal lines |
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10 Operas – all serious
“Norma” – Druid Priestess who falls in love
“La Sonnambula” – The Sleepwalker |
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1797-1848
medolies captured sense of the character, mood or setting
avoided strong cadences so audience wouldn’t interrupt
seamless musical flow |
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More than 65 Operas
“Lucia di Lammermoor” 1835 – serious, based on novel by Sir Walter Scott
“La Fille du Regiment” 1840 – Comic
“Don Pasquale” 1843 |
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La Boheme – Rodolfo and Mimi fall in love, separate, then come together again right before Mimi dies.
Tosca
Madama Butterfly |
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| (Wagner)Tristan and Isolde fall in love then become estranged. Tristan marries another Isolde (the White Hands). Tristan dies in battle, Isolde #1 finds him then dies of a broken heart. |
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Richard Wagner (1859)
Leitmotivs
declamatory |
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Rossini (1775)
comic opera
musical numbers connected by simple recitative |
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| Barbiere di Siviglia Plot |
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| (Rossini) Count Almaviva puts on a series of disguises to see Rosina without being detected by Dr. Bartolo. Almaviva is assisted by Figaro (the barber of Seville) and in the end, successfully tricks Dr. Bartolo and marries Rosina. |
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| (Verdi – Opera Seria) Biblical. Ismaele, a Jew, loves Fenena, daughter of King Nebuchadnezzar. In the ensuing conflicts, Abigaille, supposedly Nabucco’s daughter, usurps Nabucco. Nabucco converts to Judaism and defeats Abigaille. |
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| (Verdi)Rigoletto, jester to the Duke, calls a curse upon himself. His daughter, Gilda, falls in love with the unfaithful Duke. Rigoletto pays Sparafucile, an assassin, to kill the Duke, but when Gilda learns of the plot, she sacrifices herself for her love. Rigoletto finds out and is sorrowful. |
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| (Verdi – Opera Seria) Manrico loves Leonora whom the Conte di Luna also loves. Manrico is di Luna’s brother but only Azucena, Manrico’s supposed mother knows. In the struggle for Leonora’s hand, di Luna get’s both Azucena and Manrico in his custody and executes Manrico but not before Leonora poisons herself. Azucena tells di Luna he just killed his brother and di Luna ends the opera with an aria in despair. |
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| (Verdi – Opera Seria) Violetta loves Alfredo Germont but Alfredo’s father, Giorgio convinces him to leave her. Alfredo believes that Violetta has betrayed him, but Giorgio rebukes him and she dies in Alfredo’s arms of consumption (TB). |
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| (Verdi – Grand Opera)Don Carlos and Elizabeth of Valois’ doomed love. She has to marry Carlos’ father, Phillip II. Carlos then goes to Flanders to help free them from their Spanish conquerors. When Carlos returns, his treason puts him in jail. The King wants his son to go free but is pushed by the Grand Inquisitor to fulfill the law. Don Carlos dies in front of his grandfather’s tomb. |
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| (Verdi – opera seria)Ethiopian slave Aida falls in love with Egyptian military figure, Radames – doomed lovers unified in death when Amneris finds out about their love. |
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| (Verdi – opera seria) Evil Iago, jealous of Cassio, destroys both Cassio and Otello by convincing Otello that his wife, Desdemona is sleeping with Cassio. Otello murders his innocent wife then kills himself. Iago escapes into the night. |
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| (Verdi – comic opera)Sir Falstaff repeatedly tries to get in bed with Madam Ford. The “Merry Wives of Winsor” make a fool of Falstaff in the end. Fenton and Nannetta marry and fool Dr. Caius who wanted Nannetta. |
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