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*Roughly Characterizes 19th century music
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*Often set in Nature
*Focuses on emotion over logic
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*Choreographer for Marinksky Theatre, Russian
*Thought Ballet Should be more “total work of art”
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| *French Poet who wrote the poems of Schoenberg: Pierrot Lunaire*about moonstruck clown and his antics |
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*Romantic composer, idolized Beethoven
* Variety of forms,although never did a concerto
*lots of character pieces and songs/song cycles
*Erlkonig
*Viennese
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*Simple Strophic Piece w/ little musical sophistication
*Most popular type of song in France during 1830s & 40s
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*Artistic director and conductor at La Scala in Milan
*Made the theatre internationally recognized
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*Berlin born composer (1791-1864
*most successful Grand Opera Composer
*established style with Robert le Diable (Robert the Devil)
*inspired Chopin
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*Revolution in Paris which ousted king charles the tenth
*in response to measures moving towards restricting press, free speech, and benefits/power for aristocracy and the church. move towards absolute monarchy
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| *Early 19th century character piece made popular by John Field and later , CHOPIN |
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*More serious than singspiel, good is pitted against eveil
*characters are types
*Aura of supernatural
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*German Romantic Opera Composer
*Opera Director in Dresden
*Wrote “Der Freischutz” or “the bewitched Marksman” (uses melodrama in finale of Act 2) |
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*Famous comedy Opera and Rossini’s most famous work
*number Opera, numbers are connected by simple recitatives
* Similar To Mozarts marriage of Figaro |
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*Milan Publishing firm of Verdi and Puccini
*worked directly with composer |
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*New type of Italian Opera
*”realism” |
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*French Poet
*Emotion is masked by many layers
*Understatement |
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Painted abstract work after listening to Schoenberg’s music
*Used nonrepresentational shapes in his work |
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| *Pianist composer (Irish) who Chopin admired. Used RH melody and broken Chords in thee LH |
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| Later 19th century works by French composers with more complexity and artistry |
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| Explicit recurrence of a theme throughout movements in a multi-movement composition |
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*Characteristic of Berlioz
*Shorter WOrks intended for concert purposes rather than preludes to longer works |
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| “Musical Novel” multi-movement symphonic work |
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*French Opera and symphone composer
*Symphonie fantastique
*uses idea fixee |
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*New Type of opera circa 1830
*grandiose length, lavish use of chorus and ballet, spectacular scenic effects |
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| musical poem that tells a story in stanzas |
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used by scriabin, basic for Prometheus
*put in alphabetical order, it is closely related to a whole tone scale |
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| Combination arosing by juxtaposition of familiar buy unrelated harmonies used by Stravensky in Rite of Spring |
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Arts and letters in Russia during the Reign of Tsar Nicholas II 1894-1917
*Period of changing tastes |
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*Pen name of French writer Aurore Dudevant
*Had an affair w/ Chopin
*a founder of feminist outlook in literature
*observer of Chopins creative process |
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| *Rossinis term for entrance aria |
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*Italian Opera composer following Rossini’s Lead
*Expanded Rossini’s basic forms and added more realistic dramatism, modernized it
*wrote “Otello”
*Operas were sympathetic to Italian resurgence movement
*characters often chose duty over happiness |
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First significant Russian-Born composer
*largely self-taught, operas and symphonic works
*Used Russian nationalism themes and folk songs |
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Russian self-taught composer, part of Kuchka
*Developed nationalistic, realistic, non-western style
*Greatest work “boris Dodunou” an opera
* wanted to effectively display Russian speech in music |
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*Jewish composer/conductor living in Vienna
*Specialized in song and symphony
*Conducted opera |
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*wife of Gustav Mahler, 20 years younger
*wrote songs for Piano and voice
*married Walter Gropius and Franz Werfel after Mahler died |
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Sullivan wrote operetta, collaborated with writer Gilbert
*First sucess was “trial by jury” collaborated for several years |
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*conductor at Royal Opera in Berlin, also music director of Berlin Philharmonic
*wrote short orchestral pieces “tone poems” also wrote songs
*Saw later success in opera with Salome |
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| *Viennese writer who collaborated with Strauss on several operas |
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| “Theatre in Milan where Verdi’s first work, “oberto” was performed |
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| *Wagner’s alternative term for the future of opera |
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*Russian Atonal composer, used Octatonic scale and mystic chord
*wrote “Promietheus”
*uses repetition unlike Schoenberg |
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*Piece by Schoenberg that set his future direction
*21 narratives for a female voice using sprechgesang
*”moonstruck Pierrot” |
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*A leading theorist of the 19th century
*Known for the falue on funtional harmony
* Chords funtion as tonic, subdominant or dominant |
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| *Director of Gewaindhaus Orchestra *wrote several symphonies that avoided the gradudiose traits of Berlioz *wrote primarily piano character pieces *also an avid conductor *Piano trio in D minor *stylistically conservative |
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*composer and music critic
*founded the Zeitschrift fur music
*wrote heavily in pinao music and songs
*wrote 4 symphonies
*”symphony no. 1 in Bb major “spring” |
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| *collection of over 20 small pieces by schumann, each bearing the title of an imaginary character or even at a masked ball during carnival season |
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*German concert hall in Leipzeig
*Gewand, German for cloth |
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| *18th century German Opera where simple musical numbers were inserted into a lighthearted or folkish spoken play |
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*voices speak in a alternation with or accompanied by orchestra
*favored by French composers |
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*more evocative of real life
*mid_late 19th century
*”they did not expect him” painting |
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*Russian Impressario *founded art journal called Mir irkusstua (world of art)
*Founded Ballet Russes
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*Ballet company founded by Diaghilev
*staged short ballets, several needed for an evening
*premiered Rite of Spring |
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| *Dancer turned choreographer for Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring |
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*Stravinsky Ballet, rhythm is main component
*very controversial at release
*looks to ancient russian pagan rites |
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*Atonal style, emancipation of dissonance
*also a painter
*viennese |
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| Emancipation of Dissonance |
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*Schoenberg approach to music
*Dissonant chords could be used and enjoyed just as freely as harmonic ones |
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*No key signature or harmonic progression
*Basis for scale is chromatic
*Each note is of equal importance |
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* Tone-color melody
*succession of differing timbres could take on a structural role in composition akin to melody |
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*genre of Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire
*combines spoken recitation w/ instrumental music |
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*Schoenbergs style of singing “speech song”
*Used in Pierrot Lunaire |
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*Sets Structure for atonal feel
*Sometimes called Rimsky-korsakov |
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*Realized Fokine’s idea of integrated Ballet
*Russian, relied heavily on rhythm in Rite of Spring
*Looked back for inspiration |
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*German music theorist who sided with Brahms in the Brahms-Wagner debate
*Saw Wagners style as leading to decadence |
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*Wilde play Strauss opera
*Heavy and controversial, based on the beheading of John the Baptist |
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| *Wrote the Play Salome, which inspired Strauss’ Opera |
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| *Strauss’ term for short one-movement orchestral work |
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*First female composer to win the coveted Prix de Rome
*wrote primarily choral works but also songs and a few piano pieces |
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*Wrote in all musical genres but his songs, piano, and chamber music are best known
*Romantic musical personality, contemporary of Debussy |
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*Most talented musician of Belle epogue
*Leader of impressionism in music
*Harmonic function is not toward the tonic, whole-tone scale |
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*French Painter whose work coined the phrase impressionism
*color for the sake of color |
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| *color and sound for the sake of itself, not for its function |
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*Beautiful era
*Turn of the century in France |
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*New collection of Hymns, edited by Vaughn Williams
*Anglican Church |
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*closely associated with Milan and it’s Teatro alla Scala
*composed only operas on a large-scale
*”Madame Butterfly |
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*Continued some traits of Elgari Romanticism, but with more of an English character.
*Used a large amount of English folk songs
*edited English Hymnal |
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*Elgar’s work
*No one knows origins
*similar to B-A-C-H |
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*Late Romantic English composer
*Self-taught, German-influenced
*Enigma Variations |
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*Summer festivals that featured choral singing, especially important in England
*Sullivan spent much time conducting and composing here |
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| Light opera well-established in Paris and Vienna by late 19th century |
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| Story is Presented through music, mime, and dancing, was most in Paris in the 19th century. choreographer was leading figure of production |
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| Peter Ilyich Tchailcovsky |
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*Russia’s greatest 19th century composer
*wrote a number of pieces in all genres
*Swan Lake, The sleeping Beauty, the Nutcracker
*distanced from Kuchka, lived in Moscow, Studied and taught at Conservatories |
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| Songs and Dances of Death |
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| *song cycle by Mussorgsky |
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*”handful” group of five Russian influential musicians
*influenced by Balakirev
*none had any musical education |
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*Russian composer piano who was the center of a group of influential Russian composers opposed to the pro-wester school of thought
*opposed to conservatories, self-taught |
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movement in Catholic Church that suggested return to pure style of religious works like Palestrina
*wanted serene and uniform mood in which chorus sang unaccompanied in siplified rhythms |
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| *Composed to be a conservative romantic *German, wrote chamber music, orchestras, 4 symphonies, piano music, destroyed all incomplete works *tonal plans stray from classical forms |
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*Characteristic of Liszt’s symphonic poems
*melodic prototype changes character at each reappearance |
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*created by Liszt
*solo concert with one performer, sometimes with only a few other accompanists |
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*one movement Programmatic piece, started by Liszt
*close with Poetry |
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| *Liszt emotional effect on audiences |
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*Piano virtuoso/composer
*Invented the recital, often used gypsy scale
*considered Hungarians to be his people |
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*Vittorio Emanuele Re d’Italia
*Risorgimento Statement |
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*Italian resurgence movement toward Itailian political and social unification
*Supported by Verdi |
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| *In opera balances finale, both are reltively long and multi sectional *made from successsion of passages mixing choral and solo singing |
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*In Early operas, this connects two numbers
*simplepiece, w/ Keyboard & sometimes cello or bass |
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*Composer of Italian Opera
*Barber of Seville
*Brought Various Strands of Italian Opera into classical form that was maintained for nearly 100 years after
*Had 40 year retirement & compsed light-hearted songs at the end of his life. |
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*ring cycle castle of the high God Wotan and his wife Fricka
*Built by Giants |
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*Ring Cycle by Wagner
*Four related Operas drawn from ancient German Mythology |
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*Leading or associative motive
*theme used for person or thing
*developed and used heavily by Wagner |
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*Bavarian village where Wagnerpurchased property to stage his work
*took residence there as well |
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| *wagnerian idea that integrating dramatic artwork and music would be the future of opera |
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*Wagner’s term “total work of art”
*integrat text, music and staging into opera |
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*German Opera Composer (19th century)
*Ring Cycle, Tristan Chord
*extremely influential |
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| Neve Zeitschrift Fur Music |
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| Music Journal founded by Schumann “new Journal for music |
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*Married to Robert Schumann
*Piano Virtuoso
*43 year long Platonic friendship w/ Brahms
*Mostly wrote piano music & songs |
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| group of songs that belong together in poetry or music |
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| Brief composition that quickly establish a mood or atmosphere |
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| Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |
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*”father” of Romanticism
*writer of Faust
*Focus on nature and feeling
*German Poet |
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| not following any type of repetitive or symmetrical music plan |
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*ballad by Schubert based off of Goethe Poem
*Child and father chased by death, child dies |
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| Musical Parties thrown by Schubert where he would try his new works, often followed by dining, dancing and socializing |
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*Frances most coveted music award for young composers
*four years living stipend and two year stay Villa Mediz; in Rome |
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*By Berlioz
* Programmatic symphony about a young musician who obsesses over a girl, is marched to a scaffold, beheaded and tormented by witches in Hell |
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*REcurring melody that changes with setting,
*Used in symphonie Fantastique
*Translates as “obsession” |
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*Group of songs not bound by a musical or poetic similarity.
*Les Nuitsd’ete by Berlioz (all published together |
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*Polish composer
*all of his works involve piano
*pioneered nocturnes
*wrote numerous etudes
*focused heavily on Mazurkas |
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| *polish dance in triple time with accents on beats 2 & 3 |
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| Study piece derived from teaching that was musicality |
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| Piano innovation where the hammer first falls to an intermediary position. Allows for the rapid succession striking. Invented by Erard |
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| discusses harmonic functions of chords in music |
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*Sparked by Medelssohn
*Return to music of old
*All of Bach’s music performed, published and studied
*German |
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*Musical style of the 20’s-40’s associated with Igor Stavinsky.
*Going back to the Baroque and classical period.
*Parody like at times |
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| *Popular entertainment including songs, skits, and dancing |
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*Ballet by Satie of which he collaborated with Pablo Picasso and writer Jean Cocteau.
*included popular musical styles, and a new spirit of the arts |
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* French Composer
* Wrote opera, ballet, orchestral tone poems and piano character pieces, songs, chamber music and concertos
*Focused on orchestral after the war. |
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*Started as Cabaret pianist and worked at Chat Nior
*wrote comical works similar to Cabaret music |
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Part of “French Six”
*Wrote ballets and operas, chamber works, and piano pieces
*Lived in America after 1940
*Used Brazilian dance rhythms and polytonality |
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*Darius Milhaud, Georges Auric, Francis Poulenc, Germaine Tailleferre, Louis Durey, and Arthur Honegger.
*Prominent French Composers |
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*Influential French Writer
*anti romantic ideals |
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*Used in Milhauds work Longing for Brazil
*simultaneous presentation of two or more keys. |
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| *Dutch Artist who extended French Impressionism |
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*Schoenberg’s student
*Vienesse composer better known as a conductor during his lifetime
*Pointillism creating sudden images or moments without any real connection |
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*In twelve-tone composition
*a contiguous statement of the twelve notes with none repeated except in an immediate or repetitive context |
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| *A collection of 6 pitches |
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| Two collections of notes, each having six tones, which together contain all tones of chromatic scale |
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| Backward in motion, as in twelve-tone music where a tone row is deployed with its tones in reverse order |
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| A tone row in a twelve-tone composition is inverted if each interval reparating the notes is replaced by the octave complement-sometimes said to be a “symmetric” inversion |
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| A compositional method in which the choice and ordering of elements is governed by precompositional arrangement or system |
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An artistic style of the late nineteenth century in which dots of color merge into recognizable images in the eye of the viewer.
*Similar in music |
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*Viennese composer
*Student of Arnold Schoenberg
*Wrote Wozzeck |
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*Giant leap away from Wagnerian opera
*Wrote Three Penny Opera
*Music for use |
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| *a movement in literature of the late nineteenth century that depicts society in an objective an truthful manner |
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| Movement in the 20th century literature and art in which symbolic means are used to explore irrational states of mind and grotesque actions |
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*Play writer in Germany
*Died at age 23
*wrote Woyzeck, Danton’s Death and Leonce and Lena |
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| Play by Georg Buchner and Opera by Berg. Berg used material directly from the spoken play. About crazed murderer. |
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(Music For use)
*A term used in the 20’s by Paul Hindemith to designate his compositions for amateurs or for everyday settings; also used by Kurt Weill for music of artistic value that was accessible to a general audience |
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| Berlin Poet and Playwright. |
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| Set among London’s thieves and beggars, who act out a devastating satire on the culture and politics of the time. |
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Brecht’s reinvention of the Beggar’s Opera.
*Separates Popular music from Classical |
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| A theatric style, associated with the plays of Bertolt Brecht, that despels normal theatric illusion and alienates the audience from the narrative |
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Romanian composer who focused on Hungarian folk songs.
Composed in all genres of his day. Very patriotic
Ethnomusicalogist |
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| term used by Bela Bartok to describe the flexible rhythm of most ancient Hungarian peasant songs |
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| the division of a line into two parts such that the ratio of lengths of the smaller to the larger division equals the larger to the whole |
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| term used by Bela Bartok to describe the flexible rhythm of most ancient Hungarian peasant songs |
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Wrote Maple Leaf Rag
Played mostly rags but also played classical |
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*Played Stride piano
*Walking base line
*Very Syncopated Rhythms |
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*Classic Blues Singer
*Most famous blues singer of her time
*Wrote “lost your head blues” |
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*Played New Orleans Style jazz
*was a leading cornetist who moved away from New Orleans |
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*Started playing cornet
*Great Trumpet player
*Joe Oliver was his mentor
*founded “hot five” |
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| a collective term for various types of 20th cen. popular music originating among African-American musicians and often involving improvisation |
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| style of american popular musicespecially found in piano character pieces called rags in which a syncopated melody is joined to a rhythmically -regular accompanist |
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| a style of ragtime piano playing and composing in which the pianists left hand moves regularly from chord tones in a low register to harmonies in the middle register |
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| originally an improvised strophic folk song containing a succession of 3 line stanzas each sung to a 12 measure phrase and using a standard recurrent harmonic progression; the blues is also applicable to instrumental jazz |
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| a style of African american song alternating phrases between 2 individuals or between an individual leader and a group |
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*First a violinist
*Conductor
*wrote concertos,symphonies,pieces for chamber orchestra and band,six string quartets,piano music and sonatas.
*Also wrote opera’s
*Gerbrauchsmusik |
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| The Craft of Musical Composition |
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*Hindemith’s explanation of the twelve tone scale
*rooted in music traditions |
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Renaissance German painter
*painted altarpiece |
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*Opera written by Hindemith
*depicted paintings by Grunewald |
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*Russian composer emigrated to the u.s. and lived in u.s. germany and france while touring.
*Came back to Russia
*Wrote opera’s and ballets |
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*Never left Russia
*wrote 15 symphonies and string quartets
*also wrote sonatas, concertos, songs, choral music and thirty film scores. |
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| an officially-approved doctrine guiding the arts in Soviet Russia that promoted a style geared to the understanding of the masses |
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*emphasis on strict formal principles or patterns in music
*Soviet term for music that seemed abstract or difficult, not in tune with Soviet ideology |
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| Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk district |
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*strange play about wife murdering husband and lover where upon she commits suicide *Rape/sex scenes controversial
* By Dmitri Shostakovich
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*America’s first important composer
*non-conformist
*wrote fuguing tunes and “anthems” |
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| a hymn, often composed by American musicians of the eighteenth century, having fugal passages |
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*typifies adopted talent
*Aspired to elevate american music culture to the status of European musical culture |
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*Composer from Connecticut
*Son of a musician,
*Studied composition with Horatio Parker at Yale
*Little was published during his early years |
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| *German Trained composer and teacher who had little sympathy for Ive’s experiments |
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| *Self-Reliant writer who promoted individualism in America. |
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*Tone Poem by Ives
*music portrays universe
*musical idea that never gets answered in the piece |
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*Ohio born composer
*Studied piano in Chicago
*Studied under Charles Seeger who she married |
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| term coined by Charles Seeger to refer to counterpoint in which the traditional roles of consonance and dissonance are reversed |
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*Composer born in Arkansas
*Composed Jazzy instrumentals
*used poly rhythms and wrote player piano pieces |
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| the simultaneous appearance in a musical work of two or more thythmic patterns or principles of rhythmic organization |
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*Leading american composer
*Studied at French school of American Music
*Studied under Nadia Boulanger
*Appalacian spring, Billy the kid and Rodeo all ballet scores |
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*Older sister of Lili Boulanger
*teacher at the Parisian school for American students |
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*Poet that influenced copland’s work
*American themed poetry |
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| *dancer and choreographer who commissioned Coplands Appalachian Spring |
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*Based on Walt Whitmans poetry *Based on American themes *In ballet and orchestra form
*Copland
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*American Composer
*Also studied under Boulanger
*Sympathized most with German Romantic Music
*wrote for orchestra,, symphonies, schorter character pieces, and concertos |
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*Songs by Barber
*religious based
*music sets the mood/describes the scene |
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| Area in Madison Square park in New york where composers flocked to and it sounded like a jangle of tin pans |
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| musicians who worked for publishers and demonstrated their new offerings to customers. |
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*Classically trained
*wrote more than 350 songs
*Started out as song plugger
*rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris, “the Man I love” |
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| a form of popular musical theater of the 20th century, normally with spoken dialogue alternating with songs dances, ensembles, and choruses; synonymous with musical comedy, musical play, and Broadway musical |
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*both Broadway composer and writer
*created lyrics for west side story which was based off of Romeo and Juliet |
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*Wrote the music for West side story
*composer, pianist, and conductor.
*was the music director at NY philharmonic and Vienne Philharmonic |
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*Leonard Bernstein
*based off of Romeo and Juliet
*Broadway musical
*About gangs in NYC
*Dramatic |
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| Choreographer of Oklahoma |
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| poet who wrote about war used in Britten’s requiem |
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modern music festival
*young polish composers who boldly separated themselves from an old-fashioned socialist realism |
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| a basic element in a modern composition made from a conglomerate of tones, lines, and rhythms |
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| music involving chance and probability |
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| in 20th century compositions, musical notation that includes unusual graphic designs |
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*affected by world war II
*Studied composition and piano
*Wrote orchestral music
*wrote 17 operas |
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*Choral work written by Ben Britten
*rejection of warfare |
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*right after ww II
*experimental music
*Polish
*Wrote operas,symphonies, and numerous concertos, two string quartets and two violin sonatas and a large amount of Latin sacred music for chorus.
*wrote Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima |
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| Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima |
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*Experimental piece written by Krzysztof Penderecki
*Uses graphical notation |
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| *Viennese composer who experimented with Shoenberg’s method. |
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*American composer
*Taught mathematics and music
*twelve tone ideas |
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| refers to the capacity of two or more forms of a row to create aggregates when stacked vertically |
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| a compositional method in which the choice of most of the principal elements of a composition is governed precompositionally by an integrated system |
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| Russian-American choreographer who helped with Stravinsky’s Agon |
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| Town that houses the International Summer Courses for New Music |
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| Institute de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (Institue for Musical Research and Collaboration) |
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| Poet who’s poem was featured in Boulez’s Le marteau sans maitre |
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| 20th cen. literary and artistic movement that confound superficial reality or logic in order to evoke unconscious states of mind |
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*wanted to wipe the slate clean of styles from the past
*composed freely |
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| Stravinsky Ballet that was in his new 12 tone style. |
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| 20th century music in which compositional decisions are made by chance procedures |
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| a piano whose sound is modified by the introduction of mutes and other objects between strings |
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| indeterminacy of composition |
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| term associated with the composer John Cage by which compositional decision are largely determined by chance routines |
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| indeterminacy of performance |
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| term associated with John Cage by which music results from spontaneous decisions made by players not strictly dictated by a composer |
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| works whose sounds are directly realized by a composer using electronic equipment |
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| (concrete music) electronic music made from recordings of natural or man-made sounds |
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*Musique concrete was his brainchild
*French Radio engineer
*Recorded sounds from around the world |
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| a style of electronic music associated with Vladimir Ussachevsky and Otto Luening in which compositions are recorded and subsequently distorted |
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| French architect who wanted to have a multimedia display at the Philips Pavilion at the Worlds Fair |
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Designed the pavilion used at the world fair in Brussels
*Also a composer |
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*Used Bird Song
*French Composer
*Also a famous organ composer
*Tried to write down birdsong in notation |
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| song by a bird….used in Messiaen’s music |
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*Composed in a “music by chance” mentality
*American
*Wrote Prepared piano pieces |
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*Wrote Poeme electronique (first important electronic piece)
*Parisian composer
*Help Found the International Composers Guild
*Wrote electronic music , orchestral and he wrote in a tonal style a lot |
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| A group of writers (Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, and W.E.D. Du Bois) started this and it was focused on the black creative experience in America. |
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| style of ragtime piano playing and composing in which the left hand moves regularly from chord tones in a low register to harmonies in them middle register |
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the dominant medium of jazz during 30’s and 40’s
*rhythm section (piano,bass, guitar and drums) and choirs of saxophones clarinets trumpets and trombones |
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| in jazz, a rhythm that drives forward in a triplet pattern often involving big bands in 30’s and 40’s. |
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*developer of big band and swing
*worked as song plugger and bang leader in NY
*Layed ground work for Duke Ellington |
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*Self taught jazz pianist who also learned stride piano
*Played jungle style
*dominant in big band style and toured
*Composer |
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| *big band style, associated with Duke Ellington in the 20’s, 30’s evoking African or primitive musical effects |
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*Duke Ellington’s assistant
*Arranger of jazz
*Composer of jazz |
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| in jazz, popular song that is frequently arranged or used as the basis for improvisation |
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*1930’S most successful big band leader
*Played clarinet
*played on radio broadcasts
*favored swing |
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| in jazz, an informal making of music by improvisation |
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| a style of jazz originating in the 40’s for small improvising ensembles, often in fast tempos |
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| the playing of accompanimental chords by a pianist or other instrumentalist in jazz |
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| a jazz arrangement rehearsed and memorized by musicians, but not written down |
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| a style of jazz of the 50’s characterized by subdued playing and moderate tempos |
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| a type of jazz of the 50’s and 60’s characterized by the removal or reinterpretation of key, normal harmonic progressions, and familiar jazz forms |
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| a term coined by the composer Gunther Schuller to describe a musical style merging jazz and classical elements |
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| a style of popular music that mixes elements of jazz and rock |
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| musical style following WW II which departs from traditional norms in the name of progress |
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| playing and singing in unusual ways in order to expand the sounds available in a musical work |
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| spanish dance in triple meter used in Crump’s De donde vienes |
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| term associated with Elliott Carter designating a proportional change of tempo by which a small division of a beat is regrouped into a new beat so that a new tempo results |
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| minimum musical style of the 60’s built upon repetition and gradual change |
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| term associated with composer Steve Reich; a phase piece is one that begins with 2 sources of sound giving fourth an identical ostinato; 1 sound source gradually pulls ahead, creating a constantly-changing rhythmic interaction with the other source |
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| a loosely defined movement in art of the 60’s and 70’s in which the artist calls attention to ideas by which the art work is created rather than to traditional artistic objects |
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| a term associated with Gyorgy Ligeti designating a texture in which a large number of lines merge into a sound mass |
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in electronic music, a device allowing shifts in amplitude in an electronic signal.
*in the music of John Adams a point of modulation from one collections of tones to another |
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| (bells style) a term coined by the composer Arvo Part for a polyphony in which a melodic line is joined to a “bells” line limited to three tones of the tonic triad |
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*devoted to modernism
*Thought that Serialism was sterile and lifeless
*born in Italy
*wrote “circles” for soprano, harp, and percussionists
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*American Composer who also wrote in modernistic style
*”ancient voices of children” is on of his most celebrated works |
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*american composer with independent ideals
*modernistic stle
*Used metric modulation in his music |
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*60’s composer
*minimalism
*Phasing
*Similar to conceptual art |
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*Romanian composer
*wrote two famous orchestral works entitled “Apparitions” and “Atmostpheres”
*Practiced micropolyphony |
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*Composed in a new form of minimalism
*Composed short orchestral character pieces
*used “gates” in music |
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*Revived the recent past
*wrote Fanfare for the uncommon woman alluding to Aaron Copland
*instrumental music, including character pieces, concertos, and chamber compositions |
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*based his style off of Renaisance choral music.
*Born in Estonia
*moved from serialism-modernism-searching in the past
*uses tintinnabuli (bells) style |
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