Melody
a meaningful succession of pitches/tones percieves as a unity one note after another
Range
distance btwn the high and low notes of a melody
Phrase
a part of a melody, a unit of meaning within a larger structures- take a breath at the end of a phrase
Cadence
a certain chord structure than denotes a resting place or the end
Rhythm
a controlled movement of music in time-arrangement of time in music
Beat
regular physical pulsations that you can move to
Measure
the space btwn the bar lines
Meter
fixed time patterns – organiation of rhythm into strong and weak chords
Simple Meter
subdivide each beat into 2 equal parts “one and two”
Compound Meter
subdivide each beat into 3 equal parts ” one lolly, two lolly, three lolly”
Acccent
hit a note longer or harder
Syncopation
accents in unexpectes places, btwn the beats or on a weak beat
Harmony
a combo of sounds to produce chords
interval
distance btwn 2 pitches
Scale
a series of ascending or decending nots to present pitches
Octave
8 notes apart
Chord
the sounding of 2 or more notes simaltaneously tha form a signle block of harmony
Tonic
the key note a scale or key is based on
Tonality
principal of organization around a tonic pitch
Diatonic
based on major or minor key
Chromatic
any music/ notes no belonging to the diatonic scale
Dissonance
active and unsettled sound (sounds bad)
Polyphonic
2 or more lines of simultaneous independent melody
Counterpoint
combining 2 or more melodies simultaneously, a melody supported by a melody instead of chords
Imitation
repition in a 2nd vouce of a part of the motif, theme , or phrase
Homophonic
melody with supporting chords
Monophonic
melody with out accompanyment
Inversion
opposite of the notes in the previous measure
Retrograde
reversal of the notes in the previous measure
Retrograde Inversion
opposite and reversal of the notes in the previous measure
Augmentation
adding to the value of the original notes
Diminution
decreasing the calue of the original notes
Variation
some aspects of the music are altered but it remains recognizable
Theme
the main melody- a melody that recurs throughout a section, movement or entire composition
Sequence
the progression of chords ending in a cadence
Motive
a shart tune of musical figure that characterizes and unifies a song
Thematic Development
expansion of a theme by change of outline, melody or rhythm
Movement
complete, self contained section within a larger composition
Tempo
speed of rhythm of a composition in beats per minute
Allegro
a fast tempo
Dynamics
loundess and softness
Pitch
vibrations per seconds in Hertz
Timbre
characteristic quality or color of a sound
Trill
rapid alternation btwn 2 adjacent notes
Arpeggio
broken chord
Acappella
signing without accompanyment
Chamber Music
small instrumental group with 1 part per instrument
Soprano
highest ptiched vocal range from about C to middle C
Alto
2nd highest pitched vocals from about G to middle C
Tenor
2nd lowest pitched vocal from below middle C to about G
Bass
Lowest pitched vocals from F to middle E
Form
horizantal dimension of a composition
Repition
repeat everything the same way
Contrast
play the music differently than earlier in the compsotion
Accelerando
increase in the pace of the tempo
Ritarando
decrease the pace of the tempo
A tempo
directive to return the original tempof after a deliberate deviation
forte
a directive in music to perform a certain passage loundly
piano
a directive in music t perform a certain passage softly
Crescendo
a gradual increase in volume or instensity
Decrescendo
a gradual decreas in volume or intensity
Sforzando
to perform a specific note or chord with particular emphasis
Andadnte
a moderatly fast tempo
Largo
a slow tempo
Adagio
a moderaly slow tempo
Binary Form
AB two part structure of music
Ternery Form
ABA three part structure and includes rondo and sonato-allergro form
Rondo Form
ABABA the first section recurs after the second section is performed in ABA style
Sonata- allegro form
thematic material is presented for the first time, generally in two themegroups,the first one fast and the second slow