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| The force exerted against an object by the weight of the air above it to the top of the Earth’s atmosphere. |
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| The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time (measured in hertz) |
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| The distance travelled to complete one cycle of a wavelength |
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| The magnitude of change in the oscillation of a sound wave (how high and low the wave goes.) This translated to how loud we hear the sound. |
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| The comparison of where in a wave cycle two sine waves of the same frequence are at the same point in time. It is measured in 360 degrees. |
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| Mirror like reflection. The angle that the sound wave first strikes the surface is the same angle with which it reflects back. |
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| The breaking up of sound by reflection back in many directions |
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| The ability of sound to move around physical barriers and through small opening in barriers with little to no effect on the wave energy |
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| The lowest frequency in a complex tone |
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| Any sine waves that make up a complex tone |
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| Partials that are whole integer multiples of the fundamental |
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| The amplitude change over time of a complex sound. Broken down into 3 parts– attack, internal dynamics, decay |
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| Any device that converts one form of energy to another |
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| A ratio measured against a constant reference point– in sound, the reference could be voltage, SPL, of full-scale digital clipping for example. |
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| Sound Pressure Level. The pressure of sound vibration measured at a specific distance. |
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| The quietest sound a human could hear |
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| The point at which sound pressure causes pain in the human hearing mechanism |
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| The time it takes for the reverberation to decrease by 60 dB from its original level |
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| THe reduction of SPL of a sound source as it passes through a physical barrier. |
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| Materials that can’t conduct electricity very well |
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| Materials that conduct electricity very well |
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| The difference in charge (electrons) between two points. The greater the difference, the more the charge wants to move (more potential energy). |
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| How well charged particles (electrons) can move through a given material. |
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| A measurement of total opposition to the flow of current in a circuit |
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| Electromagnetic Induction |
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| A changing magnetic field will induce a current in a circuit. |
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| Electromagnetic Interference |
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| EMI- electromagnetic induction that occurs accidentally or creates a current that we don’t want (or corrupts the signal that we do want) |
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| The difference between the noise floor and the maximum volume before the distortion of the signal is considered too much. The total potential useable range. |
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| This is an active measurement of how much difference there is between a signal as it is moving through an amp and the noise floor. The actual range as it is happening. |
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| Any device that changes (usually increases) the amplitude of a signal. An amplifier circuit is usually created using one of the 3 following components: tubes, transistors, op-amps |
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| Composed of two piece and is the language used to represent digital data of any kind. |
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| Every complex sound is made up of a bunch of sine waves (single frequencies). ANY complex sound can be broken down into these individual frequencies and then reconstructed. |
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| Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem |
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| If you know the highest frequency present in a complex sound, as long as you have any two evenly spaced samples charted along that wave, you can reconstruct the complex wave perfectly. |
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| The process of mapping a large set of input values to a smaller set. In digital audio, this is the technique used to represent dynamic range. |
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| How many ‘snapshots’ are taken of an analog signal over time. Ex: (44.1khz (CD), 48.kHz (DVD and vid)…) |
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| a Measurement of dynamic range in digital audio where one bit equals roughly 6db increments. Ex: 16bit (CD), 24bit (DVD Blu Ray), 32bit (used for extra headroom when changing volume digitally) |
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