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| brought increased opportunities for professional training and exposure for black compose |
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| period before civil war, when slavery was still the law of the land |
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| Emancipation Proclamation- official 1863 |
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| – official 1863 proclamation by president lincoln which freed slaves below the mason dixon line |
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| period of literacy and artistic flowering by african american intellectuals |
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| Brown vs board of education |
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| style that combines jazz improv with instrumentation and compositional forms associated with classical music loud armstrong and duke ellington |
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| – possession of dual cultural identity or allegiance articulated by web dubois |
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