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| 2 Important Composers of the late Baroque Period |
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| Leading Monarch during Age of Absolutism |
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| 2 Nicknames for the late Baroque period |
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-Age of Absolutism
-Age of Science |
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| What was the status of the Baroque composers? |
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| 3 Institutions that composers could work at. |
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| 2 adjectives describing dualism of the style of Baroque art/music |
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| How did Baroque composers treat emotion in their music? |
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-Analyzed and Isolated
-single emotions that are depicted 1 at a time |
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3 Movements:
-1st:fast/ritornello
-2nd:slower
-3rd:faster than 1st |
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-Solid/stable
-“to return”
-make stability
-usually starts movement off
-Contrast between 2 musical ideas |
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| many soloists vs. orchestra |
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| What is Vivaldi’s favorite genre? |
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| What is Bach’s favorite genre and instrument? |
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| How many concertos did Bach write for Brandenburg? |
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-Single Principal Theme
-Appears again and again in each instrumental/vocal |
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-Beginning of Exposition
-Voice Presents subject once after another |
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-Serious Opera
-Principal Italian baroque type
-plot from ancient history
-solo singing |
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| What was the standard Baroque Opera aria form? |
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| What is Coloratura style? |
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| Ornate style of singing many notes for each sllable of text |
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| Text of an opera is called? |
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| What is an oratorio and when/where was it performed? |
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-Opera on religious subject
-entertainments during lent
-used as choir but not part of service |
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| Where did the Classical style develop? |
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| What was the main genre developed by Classical composers? |
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| Describe the style features of Classical music |
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-Texture: homophony
-Rhythm: biggest change in baroque music
-highly flexible
-variety
-Melody:pleasing variety,simple/clear,singable
-Dynamics:variety/flexible,many markings,crescendo/decresendo,piano forte replaced harpsicord |
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| How did the Classical orchestra compare to the Baroque orchestra? |
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| became a staple in public domain, but wasn’t adequate enough to support composers |
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| Who was the Enlightenment ruler who encouraged arts and music? |
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| French philosopher Rosseau attacked what? |
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| What is the basic outline of a symphony in terms of movements and form? |
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4 Movements:
1st-opening,fast,slow intro,Sonata
2nd-slow,no standard form
3rd-persistent dance mvmt,moderate speed, Minuet w/ trio and triple meter
4th-closing,vert fast, sonata/rondo |
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-Multiple piece movement
-Closing movement-based on repition
-main tune (A) returns again between episode ( B,C) |
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-classical dance form
-ABA pattern
-B is a trio
-moderate paced triple meter
-4 movement piece |
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-Always the opening movement of EVERY symphony
-key element:contrast
-core of entire work
-large scale ABA form-exposition,develop,recapitulation |
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| How do most of Haydn’s symphonies sound? |
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| What is a Sonata (genre)? |
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-piece for small amount number of instruments (1-2)
-3 movement
-private performance
-less formal |
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| Classical Concerto – major difference compared to Baroque? |
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-Baroque concerto refined by classical concerto
-soloist vs orchestra
-long open movement
-NO MINUET MOVEMENTS
Opening movement:fast,double exposition,sonata form,cadenza at end
Slow movement: slow, no standard form
closing movement:very fast, rondo form
-Baroque:ritornello
-Classical conerto:double exposition sonata |
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| What is Double Exposition Form and where is it used? |
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-exposition played twice
-orchestra 1st w/o modulation and stays in tonic key
-soloist with modulation that balances out orchestra power
-cadenza at end with big paude for soloist to improvise |
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| What are the instruments of a String Quartet? |
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-2 violin
-1 viola
-1 cello |
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| Italian Comic Opera/buffa |
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-genre
-comic opera
-most progressive opera 18th centurt
-mid/lower class characters and emotions |
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-Musical number in opera for 2 or more people
-depicts different emotions of characters simultaneously
-action moves forward |
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