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| MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE PERIODS |
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| What was the Earliest Music written for? |
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| one melodic line with no harmony |
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| two or more melodies singing at the same time, not necessarily together(fugue), without accompaniment. Creates Harmony. Imitative Counterpoint. |
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| One melodic line with accompaniment |
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| Multiple notes per syllable |
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| Earliest form of notation |
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| much different then ours. One line, note 5. way it was shaped depended on what it sounded like |
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| Main genre in the Medieval period |
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| Genres in the Renaissance Period |
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| Proper and Ordinary(more often used) Sacred |
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| A Cappella, Non-liturgical, Sacred and Secular |
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| 4 or 5 Parts or vocal only. Chamber Music(small group of vocalists), Secular, Lively |
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| a keyboard player and a bass/cello player. the keyboard played the melody and the bass/cello player played a simple harmony |
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| music expressing what the words say |
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| Lute, Harpsichord, Organ, Fortepiano |
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| small groups of musicians playing together |
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| 1600 First major one was Orfeo |
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| Aria- an elaborate performance by a solo singer expressing themselves
Recitative- moves the plot forward |
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| a solo instrumentalist that played with an orchestra |
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| a small group of musicians playing with an orchestra |
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| a polyphonic piece that has each part coming in at different times |
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| an piece representing an opera but without the theatrical aspects |
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| Key Composers in the Baroque Period |
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Johann Sebastian Bach
George Frideric Handel |
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| Instruments in an orchestra |
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String section(violin, viola, cello, bass)
Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon)
Brass (Trumpet, Horn, Tuba, Trombone)
Percussion (Piano, Snare Drum, Timpani, Bells) |
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| FAST(SONATA), SLOW(THEME AND VARIATIONS), DANCE(MINUET AND TRIO), FAST(RONDO) |
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| exposition(initial Theme), development (composers playground), recapitulation(repeat exposition) |
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| Symphony Form – THEME AND VARIATIONS |
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| one initial theme but it can be changed with tempo and dynamics |
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| Symphony Form – MINUET AND TRIO |
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| a dance section, ABA form |
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| has a beginning form. common structures are ABACA…ABACABA…ABACADA |
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| Operas in the Classical Period |
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| ongoing music, continuous drama, recitative and aria had accompaniment |
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| Key Composers in the Classical Period |
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FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART
LUDWIG VON BEETHOVEN(transitional into the Romantic Period) |
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| Instruments added in the Romantic Period orchestra |
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Woodwind-piccolo,bass clarinet, contrabassoon, english horn
brass- cornets, trombones, tuba
percussion- snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, glockenspiel, xylophone, chimes, celesta, organ
string- harp |
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| Music created just for the sake of creating music |
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| Music used to depict moods, images, and characters and to tell stories |
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| music that defines a nation or region |
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| Basic Features of Opera in the Romantic Period |
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Great Composers, Great variety in Size and Subjects
Libretto- the words in an opera |
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| Composers in the Romantic Period |
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Giuseppe Verdi- Opera
Frederic Chopin- Piano
Franz Schubert- Song
Johannes Brahms- traditionalist
Felix Mendelssohn- Classical
Richard Wagner- Opera
Pyotr I’yich Tchaikovsky- Symphonies |
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| music written to counter the Romantic Period. used to evoke mood |
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| Experimental composers that tried out new styles, techniques, forms, timbres, or concepts |
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| Stravinsky’s “Rite of Spring” caused _______ at the premiere |
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| Newer music that is composed to sound like Classical Music |
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12 tone music that is very controlled
Primary Composer- Arnold Schoeberg |
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use of computers for music. MIDI
Primary Composer- Edgar Varese |
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The composer does not have total control. The performers get to make things up
Primary Composer- John Cage |
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Seeks the greatest effect from the least amount of material.
Philip Glass and Terry Riley |
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