Tone
musical sound
Note
Written symbol for tone
Pitch
highest/lowest sound of a tone
Intensity
loudness/softness
Tone Color
Characteristic sounf of instrument or voice
Tempo
Speed of music
Dynamics
Degrees of loudness/softness
Rhythm
Patter of duration
Beats
Regular Patterns
Melody
Succession of tones
Harmony
Simultaneous sound of 2 or more different tones
Counterpoint
Technique of combining 2 or more melodies at the same time
Fugue
more complex than round for counterpoints
Theme
Important melody
Motive

2-6 notes that a composer develops

 

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Also, a fragment of a theme

Form

structure of musical composition

 

3 ingredients:

1. repition

2. contrast

3. development

Movement
section of an extended work complete in itself
Symphany
4 movements
Woodwinds

  • piccolo
  • flute
  • oboe
  • clarinet
  • bassoon
  • bass clarinet
  • french horn
  • contrabassoon

Brass

  • horn
  • trumpet
  • trombone
  • tuba

Strings

  • violin
  • viola
  • cello
  • double bass
  • harp

Percussion

  • timpani
  • bass drum
  • cymbals
  • triangle
  • tambourine
  • xylophone
  • castanets
  • whip

Chamber Orchestra
small orchestra
Minuet
dance in triple meter (kinesthetic appeal)
What was Mendelssohn accomplished as?
Violinist & painter
What type of meolodies did Mendelssohn make?
lyrical melodies
What type of lyrisist was Mendelssohn?
Sentimental
What type of music did Mendelssohn have?

narrative & program music

 

he was inspired by his travels

Name 4 songs Mendelssohn was most famous for.
Hebrides Overture,  Fingal’s Cave, “Spring Song”, ; “Spinning Song” (Bee’s Wedding)
What time period did Mendelssohn live in?
Romantic Period
How many symphanies did Mendelssohn write?
5
Name 2 symphanies Mendelssohn is most famous for.

Symphany No. 3 “Scotch”

Symphany No. 4 “Italian Symphany”

What are songs without words called?
Character pieces
What time period did Schumann live in?
Early Romantic Period
What was Schumann’s ethnicity?
German
What was Schumann called?
“Early Romantic Par Excellence”
What instrument did Schumann write for?
Solo piano
What was Schumann inspired by?
His love for Clara Wieck (piano teacher’s daughter who he later married)
What careers did Schumann possess?
Writer & music critic
What illness did Schumann suffer from?
Scitsophrenia
How many “art songs” did Schumann write?
Over 100.. most famous being “Song Year”
What was Schumann’s most intimate piece of music written?
“Romance No. 2” which was more intimate
Where did Chopin grow up?
Poland
Where did Chopin finally settle?
France
What was Chopin’s outstanding ability?
Writing melodies
Name a famous song written by Chopin
“Funeral March”
What was Chopin known as?
“Poet of the Piano”
What type of music did Chopin write?
absolute music with generic titles
Who wrote Nocturne No. 2?
Chopin
How many nocturnes did Chopin write?
21
What was Chopin inspired by?

nationalism in 2 forms:

1. Mazurka (polish dance associated w/ peasants)

2. Polonaise (Polish dance associated w/ upper class)

What time period does Liszt represent?
early & late romantic
What was Liszt’s greatest accomplishment?
greatest pianist of 19th century
Where was Liszt originally from?
Hungary
Before writing music, what did Liszt want to become instead?
A Priest
What type of affect did Chopin have on the piano?
orchestral affect
Who could play their music by memory?
Liszt
What type of music did Liszt prefer?
program music
Name a piece of music Liszt is famous for.
“Liebes/Traum”- A Dream of Love
What form did Liszt prefer?
Rhapsody- he wrote 19 rhapsodies for piano
What did Liszt base his music on?
Hungarian gypsies
Name a Hungarian Rhapsody by Liszt
Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2
What caused controversy in piano concerto by Liszt?
the triangle
What composers represented the late romantic period?
Brahms ; Tchaikowsky
What type of affect did Brahm’s meoldies have?
Lullaby affect
Who was Brahm’s compared to?
Beethoven- had many similar things in common
How long did Brahm’s 1st symphany take to write?
15 years
What does Brahm represent?
final reconciliation of classicism & romantic characteristics
What type of music did Brahm write?
Only absolute music
What was Brahm inspired by?
Waltz
Name a sumphany Brahm composed.
Symphany No. 2
What ethnicity was Tchailkovsky?
Russian
What type of music did Tchaikovsky write?

Wrote music for every form

 

chamber music, operas, ballets, etc.

What type of music did Tchaikovsky prefer?

program & absolute

 

compromise between the 2:

East- russian

West- central/western Europe

What type of man was Tchaikovsky?
Melancholy
What 3 great symphanies did Tchaikovsky compose?
Symphany No. 4, 5, 6
What was Tchaikovsky obsessed with?
Fate
What concerto was Tchaikovsky’s most famous?
Concerto No. 1