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| Philosopher, writer, composer
Wanted opera to become more natural and uncomplicated than Baroque opera seria |
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| The music-capital city of the classical period |
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| Movements of the Classical Symphony and their forms and tempos |
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1. Opening Movement
-Fast Tempo
-Sonata form
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2. Slow Movement
-slow tempo
-several possible forms
3. Minuet
-Moderate Tempo
-Minuet Form
4. Closing Movement
-fast Tempo
-Sonata or Rondo form |
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Symphony No 95- Hayden
Movements? |
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1. Opening Movement
-Sonata
2. Slow Movement
-Theme and Variation
3. Minuet
Minuet form
4. Closing Movement
Rondo form |
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-Also in Ternary, Contrasts in meter |
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| What always returns in Rondo form? |
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| Rondo form of Hayden’s last movement? |
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A B A
B is often know as the trio, especially in Minuets |
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| Names of the sections in Sonata form? |
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| Exposition- Development- Recapitulation |
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Parts of the Sonata: Exposition.
Form and Function and Key? |
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| Introduces Basic material.
1. Theme 1 (T1) presented in tonic key
2. Transition (trans) involving modulation to new key
3. Theme 2 (T2) presented in new key
4. Closing theme (CT) ends the section in new key
5. Possible repeat of entire exposition
Usually I to V, or i to III |
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Parts of the Sonata: Development.
Function and Form and Key? |
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| Develops musical ideas presented in the exposition.
Completely up to the composer (X)
Constant modulation (Never settles)
Concluded with a retransition (retrans)
V |
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| Retransition is where in a sonata? |
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Parts of the Sonata:Recapitulation.
Function and Form and Key? |
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| All elements of the exposition heard again in the original order
Theme 1 in the tonic key
Transition altered so Theme 2 will occur in the tonic key
Theme 2 in the tonic key
Closing theme in the tonic key
Possible repeat of both development and recapitulation
I – I |
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| All elements in the Recapitulation occur in what key? |
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| What is different between the exposition and the recapitulation besides the key? |
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| The transition is altered |
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| Some alterations that can occur in a Sonata |
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A Coda
More or Less than two themes in the exposition
A slow introduction |
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| Difference between Mid 18th Century Sonatas and late 18th Century sonatas? |
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| Late 18th Century sonata’s had the addition of the minuet movement. Fast- Slow- Minuet- Fast |
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| Short segments of a melody. Usually two measures |
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| Two phrases. Usually 8 bars |
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| How are mid to late 18th century forms and styles a reaction to those of the 17th and early 18th century? |
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Exact contemporary with Mozart
– Famous vocalist, pianist, and composer |
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Light accompaniment
Organized periodicity
Simple Melodies |
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| Empfindsamer stil means? Characteristics? |
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| Sensitive style
Restless- element of surprise
Many rhythmic patterns Dotted Figures (Scotch Snap/Lombard)
Asymmetrical runs (5 and 13)
ornamentation as expression |
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| Function of String Quartet? |
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Fast- Expanded sonata
Slow- Sonata
Minuet- Rondo or Sonata
Fast |
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| Difference between Baroque Concerto and Classical Concerto? |
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Both contrast between soloist and orchestra, 3 movements and virtuosity.
Key Differences: Classical orchestra was more developed and the first movement form was double-exposition form |
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| Classical Concerto Movements |
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| 1. Opening movement Fast Double-exposition form 2. Slow movement Slow Several possibilities 3. Closing movement Fast Rondo form |
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| What is Double Exposition Form? |
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| Characters in Opera Buffa ar often what? |
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| Characters are often peasants involved in “real life” situations |
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| What is an important difference between Opera Seria and Opera Buffa? |
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| Lorenzo Da Ponta. What issue did he deal with? |
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Librettist for 3 Mozart Operas
Le nozze di Figaro, 1786
Don Giovanni, 1787
Cosi fan tutte, 1790
Dealt with class conflict in his writing. |
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CSE Bach- Sonata in A Major.
What style? |
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| What did Beethoven do with the Symphony? |
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| Stretched everything about it. Used full ranges, instrumentation, dissonance. Made it very exciting and unpredictable |
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| Motivic consistency through ALL 4 movements in a symphony. BEETHOVEN. |
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| Scherzo means what in Italien? |
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Beehtoven’s 9th.
Movements? |
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Allegro
Scherzo
Andante
Choral movement |
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| Beethoven’s letter in which he stated that the only reason he hadn’t committed suicide was because he had so many musical gifts to give |
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| Fast, in 3, replaced the Minuet in Beethoven symphonies |
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