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| believed in the divine right of kings, Baroque |
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| Science took off, stimulating technology and philosophy |
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| age of absolutism/science, questioning everything vs. questioning nothing, music – extravagant vs. rigid, structured |
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| Institutions where 18th century composers worked |
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| Church, court, opera house |
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| Style features of Late Baroque music |
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| Complex, complicated; few dynamic contrasts; orchestra = primarily strings |
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| Why did late Baroque composers compose? |
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| composed for a living to satisfy a boss |
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| large scale composition for orchestra and solo instruments |
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| large scale composition for orchestra and GROUP OF solo instruments |
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| Late Baroque form based on recurrences of ritornello |
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| Master of baroque concerto, wrote for self, 400 concertos, *violins |
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| Fugue (polyphonic piece for multiple voices, Brandenburg concertos concerto grosso, Baroque composer 20 |
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| Subject, exposition, episodes |
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| Improvised solo passage within a larger piece |
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| Collection of misc. dances |
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| Serious opera, plots derived from history and mean to arouse emotion |
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| words of an opera written separately |
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| an aria is ABA form (very dramatic) |
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| Julius Caesar opera, Baroque era composer, Messiah oratorio |
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| opera about a religious subject (Hallelujah Chorus) |
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| Simpler melody, major dynamics, orchestra includes much more |
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| Classical era, idea of open-mindedness, support of the arts was huge, Emperor Joseph II loved comical opera (opera buffa); music – created atmosphere for creative musical composition |
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| Intent of classical era music |
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| expected to please rather that instruct, impress, or express like in the Baroque era |
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| Classical era, father of the symphony, Symphony 95 sonata form |
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| Movements of symphony, Requiem (died during the creation), Classical era concerto K-622 |
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| comical opera; best = Mozart (The Magic Flute, Queen of the Night) |
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| Musical elements of Classical era music |
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Baroque dynamics: no variation
Classical dynamics: much variation (crescendos, decrescendos)
Baroque orchestra: strings
Classical orchestra: strings, brass, percussion (tympani), and woodwinds
Baroque melody: very complicated
Classical melody: simple |
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| large impressive concert piece for orchestra |
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| A (exposition) B (development) A’ (recapitulation – recap of exposition); 1st movement in symphony in this form of classical era |
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| Repetition of a clearly defined theme |
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| Stylized dance in triple meter at moderate tempo |
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| musical form consisting of 1 main theme alternating with other themes |
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| Composition for only 1 or 2 instruments |
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| Soloist with orchestral accompaniment (subservient) |
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| Double-exposition sonata form |
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| Has 2 different expositions: 1st orchestra plays exposition, then soloist plays exposition, then development, then recap |
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| Where was the classical era centered? |
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| Baroque opera about JC (not classical because it’s not comical) |
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| What is the movement of the classical era concerto? |
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| What is the movement of the classical symphony? |
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| fast (sonata), slow, stylized dance (listening instead of dancing), faster than 1st movement |
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| What is the main difference between concerto and symphony? |
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| polyphonic piece for multiple voices written in a systematic way |
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| theme the whole fugue is played based off of (repeated many time) |
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