Name the Art-Song Composers
Schubert
Schumann
Wolf
Song Cycle
Collection of songs w/ related text (same poet) to be performed together
Schubert Song Cycles
“Die Schone Mullerin”
“Winterreise”
“Schwanengesang”
Schumann Song Cycles
“Dichterliebe”
“Liederkreis”
Role of Piano during this period?
Accompaniment and set tone of text
What was Romanticism about?
Self Expression, fusion of the arts
Name the Romantic Piano Composers
Chopin
Liszt
Gottschalk
What was Liszt known for?
Experimenting with Harmony
Tone Poems
What was Berlioz known for?
id’ee fixe
His work Symphonie Fantastique
What were the types of Operas?
Grand
Comic
Lyric
Grand Opera
Always historical
Largest Budget
Serious and Huge
Comic Opera
Small
Simple Music
Comical Plots
Lyric Opera
Large Orchestra
Large Cost
Focus on Melody and Realism
What is Wagner known for?
leit motif (person, thing or idea associated with a short motive)
Tone Poem
Programatic work for orchestra based on another work (one movement)
What is Strauss known for?
Tone Poems
“Sprach Zarathrusta” (most famous tone poem)
Wagner’s Operas
“Ring Cycle”
“Paracefel”
“Tristan and Isolde”
What was Brahms known for?
Classical Forms
hemiola (double/triple meter on top of one another)
What was Mahler known for?
Writing 9 huge Symphonies
What was Debussy known for?
Impressionism
“Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun”
“LaMer”
“Nocturnes”
French Impressionism vs German Impressionism
light, sweet – dark, heavy
no emotions – emotions
delicate refined – rougher
Atonal
Without a tonal center
What was Stravinsky known for?
ositnato (repeating, underlying part)
“Rite of Spring” (cause riot)
“Firebird”
polyrythm
polytonality
Second Viennese School
Schoenberg
Berg
Webern
What was Schoenberg known for?
spreechstimme (glide pitch around while singing)
12 tone method
atonal music
What was Berg known for?
“Wozzeck”
“Lulu”
What was Webern known for?
Mega short pieces
tone-color melody (take one melody and give a note to each instrument)
What is Copland known for?
Writing music for the public
“Fanfare for the Common Man”
What was Messiaen known for?
“Quartet for the End of Time”
What was Shostakovich known for?
Russian folk style works
What was Gershwin known for?
classical with jazz/pop
“Porgy and Bess”
“Rhapsody in Blue”
What was Britten known for?
“Perter Grimes”
“Billy Bud”
“Death in Venice”
“Turn of the Screw”
Minimalism
use of restricted set of note/chords
What is John Cage known for?
4’33”
Name the Minimalism Composers
Reich
Glass
Adams
What was Penercki known for?
graphic notation
“Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima”
Spectralism
focus on timbre (color of instrument)
Name the Spectralism Composers
Grisey
Murail
Saariaho
Part
What is Arvo Part known for?
tintinnabuli (2 lines: 1 moves free, other is members of a chord)