Meter
A backboard of stressed and unstressed beats in a repeating pattern
Measure
Each occurrence of a grouping of meter
Time Signature
Number of beats in a measure
Tempo marking
Terms placed above the top staff, sometimes at the beginning of a piece on when there is a tempo change
Dynamics
Volume or amplitude
Octave
The distance of A-G
Diatonic Scale
Set of seven pitches represented bu the white notes on the piano
Melody
Organized series of pitches, easy to recognize
Plain chant
No accompaniment. Single, male, baritone voice. In Latin, no meter
Organum
Earliest genre of medieval polyphonic music, Gregorian chant inside polyphonic tune
Madrigal
The main secular voice genre from the Renaissance
Continuo
Bass line in music plus harmony, cello harpsichord with functional harmony
Functional Harmony
Has set direction, not random
Suite
Group of stylized dance pieces, everyone dances the same
Resuscitative
Half singing, half reciting of presenting words in opera. Conversation in music dialogue
Aria
A vocal number for singer and orchestra, generally in an opera
Ritornello
The orchestral material at the beginning of a concerto grosso, which always returns later in the piece
Solo
Single person performing
Orchestra is made up of
Brass, stringed, percussion, and woodwinds
Baroque Solo Concerto
One soloist playing with a larger group
Baroque solo concerto grosso
Group of soloists with whole orchestra
Monophonic
Only one sound
Polyphonic
When there is more than one melody happening at the same time
Homophonic
Specific melody with accompaniment