| What period was Baroque music? |
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| What did the baroque orchestra consist of? |
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| Mainly strings, would add other instruments as needed |
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| What is unity of mood? And what period did it occur during? |
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Composers have a mood in mind for the piece
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Ex. joyful
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| What was melody and rhythm like during the baroque period? |
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| What is embellishment? And what period was it found in? |
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First time you play it the way that the composer wrote it.
Second time you add your own unique twists
Found in baroque
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| What was tonality like in the baroque period? |
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| Composers started using major and minor keys. |
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| What was the texture mainly like in the baroque period? |
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| Polyphonic and Homophonic |
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| What was the basso continuo? And when was it used? |
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| Accompaniment style written in bass line. Used in baroque period. |
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| What instrument played the basso continuo? |
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| What was the basso continuo written in? |
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| What was the concerto grosso? What time period? |
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| Written for baroque orchestra. Tutti and soloists. |
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| How many mvmts and what were the tempo’s in a concerto grosso?? |
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| Usually 3. (first fast: vigorous and determined, second slow: lyrical and intimate, third fast: lively/carefree, dancelike) |
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| What is the main melodic theme in a fugue called? |
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| Who was the master of the fugue? |
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| What time period were fugues very important in? |
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| What key is the subject of a fugue written in? What texture is a fugue presented in? |
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| It is written in the tonic key, presented monophonically |
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| What follows the subject in a fugue? |
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| What is the answer of a fugue transposed to? |
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| The dominant or 5th degree of a key |
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| How many types of answers are there in a fugue? |
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| What are countersubjects? |
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| They’re in fugues. Considered this if they keep appearing with other presentations of the subject. |
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| What is the episode part of a fugue? |
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| Parts of the fugue where the subject isn’t present or it is present but not fully. |
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| What are voices in a fugue? |
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| Different melodic lines that imitate the subject |
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| How many voices does a fugue usually encompass? |
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| What is stretto in a fugue? |
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| It is where a subject is imitated before it is completed, one voice tries to catch the other. |
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| In a fugue where a single tone is held while other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it. |
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| Where original time values are lengthened. fugue |
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| Where the subject appears with shortened time values. fugue |
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| Where the subject is presented beginning with the last note of the subject and proceeding backward to the first. |
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| Where did opera begin and what group began opera? |
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| What was a major development in secular vocal music during the baroque period known as? |
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| Sample of all music/themes in opera played at the beginning? |
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| Line song by soloist, tries to imitate speech, used to progress the plot? |
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| Most interesting part of the plot, big emotional solo in opera? |
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| Group of soloists singing together in an opera? |
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| It is composed of many voices, it is used to comment on the action of the story |
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| Gives lines to those who forget them |
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| Plays the music for the opera |
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| During the baroque period, what were operas based on? |
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| Very serious, based largely on Greek mythology! |
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| What is the earliest opera that has been preserved? |
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| Monteverdi, what is he known for? |
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| Known for 12 operas, 3 survive today |
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| What was Monteverdi’s first opera? |
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| Orfeo (story of orpheus who was a great Greek musician) |
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| Who was the librettist/dramatist? |
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| Wrote the libretto (plot and text) that will be sung during the opera |
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| Makes the actual music sung in opera |
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| Men castrated before puberty, soprano voice range but maintained male power, highest paid in the opera |
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| Finish aria, go back to the beginning and sing again. This left room for embellishment, ABA |
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| Who was considered the greatest British composer ever? Buried under the organ at Westminster Abbey? |
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| A form of accompianment that consists of one melodic line that is repeated over and over again |
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| Ground Bass/Basso Ostinato |
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| An instrumental work that is usually a solo instrument or a few instruments with accompianment. It has movments |
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| Usually 3 melodic lines and basso continuo |
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| Sonatas for regular performances or functions |
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| From Venice, Italy. Taught at a girls school called Pieta. Most of his pieces were written for students. Violin Virtuoso |
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| A marked contrast between soft and loud, what kind of dynamics were these known as? |
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| Terrace dynamics, found in baroque music |
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| One of the greatest composers of the baroque period, was the organist and musical director at St. Thomas church in Leipzig |
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| Great organist and improvisor, very prominant in the baroque period |
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| Who wrote baroque music in every style except for the opera? |
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| What type of music was found in the baroque period that involves dance themes but wasn’t actually written for dancing? It has multiple mvmts, including a French Overture that has 2 parts. Includes dotted rhythms |
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| What baroque composer was known for writing a lot of church music, mainly cantatas and chorales? |
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| A type of church music including biblical text that included different vocalists, chorus, organ, or smaller orchestras, and that were longer works? |
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| What type of church music begins on a big chorus and ends on a big chorus? |
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| German composer who was a great organist that composed operas in Italy, spent many years in England and wrote many oratorios? |
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| A piece of music written based off of a biblical text that closely resembles an opera but has no costumes, acting, etc. Usually set to a narrative text? |
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| What composer was considered the master of oratorios? |
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| What time period did the Classical Period of music occur? |
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| What composers sons were instrumental in transitioning between the baroque and classical periods? |
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| What type of music is characterized by change of mood/contrast of mood? |
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| This type of music has a wide variety of rhythms |
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| What texture was classical music mainly? |
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| What accompianment style was eventually abandoned in the classical period? |
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| This period had gradual crescendos and gradual decresendos |
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| What was the main type of accompianment in the classical period? |
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| The forte piano, predecessor to the grand piano |
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| What did the classical orchestra consist of?? |
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Strings (1st, 2nd violins, violas, cellos, double basses)
Woodwinds (2 flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons)
Brass: (2 french horns, 2 trumpets)
Percussion (2 timpani)
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| A type of musical composition very important in the classical period. A 4 part work that is usually 30 minutes to an hour in duration? |
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| What form is the first movement of a symphony in and what tempo is it usually at? |
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| What are the different parts of sonata form? |
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The exposition (first theme, transition, second theme closing, repeat)
The development
The recapitulation (first theme, transition, second theme, closing)
The coda (in tonic key)
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| What is a common second movment of a symphony, and what tempo is it at? |
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| Theme and variations, adagio/andante |
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| What is a common third movement of a symphony, and what is it’s tempo? |
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| Dance movement, minuet ; trio/scherzo |
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| What is the fourth movement in a symphony known as and what tempo is it usually played at? |
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| A basic musical idea in which the theme is repeated over and over but is changed each time? |
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| Written in triple meter, usually moderate tempo, ABA form, originated as a dance but its now more commonly used as the 3rd part of a symphony! |
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A tuneful main theme which returns several times in alternation with other themes ex. ABABA, ABACABA, etc.
Always starts and ends on the same melody
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| A type of composition consisting of 3 movements, very important in classical music. Written for solo instrumentalist and orchestra. First mvmt is in double sonata form. |
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| End of orchestra part is marked with a ____ before a cadenza? |
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| When a soloist performs a solo unaccompanied at the end of a concerto? |
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| Has a double exposition, orchestra plays the first one and then the soloist comes in and plays the second one. |
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| A lot more simple than concertos, played mainly for performers enjoyment |
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| Most popular instruments for chamber music? |
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| String quartet; 2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello |
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| What composer started as a choir boy and taught himself to compose? |
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| What composer got the attention of The Duke of Esterhazy and eventually worked for him as a musical servant? |
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| What composer was the master of the theme? |
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| How many symphonies did haydn compose? |
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| What composer died before his 36th birthday of rheumatic fever? |
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| Which composer was a child prodigy at keyboard and was composing before age 8? |
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| Which composer was truly the first freelance composer and gave benefit concerts? |
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| Which composer wrote Don Giovani, marriage of Fiagro, Magic flute? |
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| What were operas like in the classical period? |
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| They transitioned into more of a comedic role |
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| Which composer drove music into the Romantic period? |
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| Which composer learned from both Mozart and Haydn? |
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| Which composer was deaf and conducted and composed even after losing his hearing? |
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| How many symphonies did Beethoven compose and which ones are his most famous? |
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