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-Medieval period
-Gregorian chant
Sung during two types of services, the office and the mass
-The mass: propers (texts specific for the day), ordinary (texts used for every mass)
-The office: hymns (syllabic chants) |
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-Medieval period
-Gregorian chant (monophonic)
-First composer we have information about and first women
-O Successores |
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-Medieval period
-Puis qu’en oubli sui de vous
-Rondeau (one of the main poetic forms in 14th and 15th century)
-Agnus Dei
-Liturgy/liturgical music (Specific kind of secular music, done within the church worship setting
-1st mass ordinary that is polyphonic
-Part of the mass ordinary
-Trinity (three parts) |
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Renaissance
– Martin Luther called Desprez the prince of music
-Ave Mariaj
-Motet (sacred polyphony choral that is not apart of the mass ordinary) |
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-Renaissance
-Showed that polyphony could still be understood (Kyrie)
-Kyrie
-a cappella, 6 voices |
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-Anglican
-If Ye Love Me, Keep My Commandments
-Clear, syllabic text-setting |
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-Renaissance
– As Vesta Was Descending
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-Comes from The Triumphes of Oriana
-Queen Elizabeth I (Oriana)
-Madrigal (secular vocal pieces designed for soloist using word paintings)
-Word painting |
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-Renaissance
-Flow My Tears
-Lute song |
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-Renaissance instrumental music
-Passamezzo & Galliard from Terpsichore
-Passamezzo: duple meter
-Galliard: triple meter
-Paired courtly dances |
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-Early Baroque (Opera)
-Tu Se Morta
-Recitative with a large chorus
-Expressive dissonance
-Alessandro Striggio
Librettist (person who writes the text for an opera) for Tu Se Morta
Orpheus/Orfeo & Euridice
Orfeo is a story about Orpheus going to the underworld to save his wife Euridice who died |
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-Late Baroque (Opera)
-Dido and Aeneas
-Ground bass or basso ostinato (repeating bass line)
Secco recitative
-Nahum Tate
-Wrote libretto of Dido and Aeneas
Dido & Aeneas
-Aeneas fall in love with Dido but witches plot Dido downfall by falsely making Aeneas leave and Dido kills herself |
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-Late Baroque
-Known as the red priest
-Solo concerto (single soloist vs. orchestra, three movements (fast, slow, fast)
-La Primavera (tutti (ritornello) vs. solo)
-Terraced dynamics –
-Word painting |
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-Early Baroque (Opera)
-The Camerata
-O Che Nuovo Stupor
-Spiritual aria |
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-Late Baroque
-Concerto grosso (small group of soloist vs. orchestra)
-Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, 1st mvt (tutti (ritornello) vs. solo)
-Cadenza: soloist plays by himself without group
-Fugue (polyphonic composition based on one theme)
-“Little” Fugue in G minor
-Countersubject (An melodic idea that accompanies the subject)
-Pedal point (Bass is held while other notes produce changing harmonies)
-Suites (set of dance related movements)
-Orchestral Suite No. 3, 4th mvt., Bouree (AABB)
-Cantata (Something that is sung, based on a chorale)
-Cantata No. 140: Wachet Auf, 4th & 7th mvts
-Chorale written by Philipp Nicolai |
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-Late Baroque
-Supported by a patron (one who gives financial support)
-Oratorio (like opera except without costumes or acting and is about a sacred subject)
-Ev’ry Valley Shall Be Exalted
-Aria for tenor
-Word painting
Hallelujah Chorus
-All three textures (mono, homo, poly) |
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length:short, 20 min
performance venue:Lutheran church
performing forces:orchestra, soloist, chorus
purpose:worship
staging:no staging
text/plot:biblical/sacred
# of movements:5-10 |
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length:long, hours
performance venue:theater/concert hall
performing forces:orchestra, soloist, chorus
purpose: entertainment
staging:no staging
text/plot:biblical
# of movements:lots |
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length:long, hours
performance venue: public(theater/concert hall)
performing forces:orchestra, soloist, chorus
purpose:entertainment
staging:costume, props, lighting, sets, special effects
text/plot:mythology/greek dramas
# of movements:lots |
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| tune. The main thing you would hum for a song |
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chords accompanying a melody
o Minor: sad, sinister, angry
o Major: happy |
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o Pulse: the beat
o Meter: the arrangement of stressed and unstressed beats
o Tempo: speed
• Largo: slow
• Prestissimo: fast |
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o Crescendo: getting louder
o Decrescendo: getting quieter |
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o Monophonic: one melody. all parts move in parallel rhythm and pitch
o Homophonic: two or more parts move together in harmony, the relationship between them creating chords
o Polyphonic: parts move with rhythmic independence |
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| tone color, orchestration |
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organization of musical material in time
o Repetition
o Variation
o Contrast
o Ex. ABA |
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| a song that can be performed at church any day |
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| a song that should be performed on a specific day in church (Easter, Christmas etc) |
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| singing one syllable per note |
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| the singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession |
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| any call and response style of singing. Any piece of music performed by two semi-independent choirs in interaction, often singing alternate musical phrases. |
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| steps (A,B,C), Gregorian chants |
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| monophonic, no instruments |
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| Medieval period, not written down |
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| specific kind of music, done in church worship setting, Agnus Dei |
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| Gregorian chant with additional melodic lines moving in parallel motion |
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| Gregorian chant with additional melodic lines moving faster than original chant |
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| overlap of the same melody |
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| started by martin luther, break away from the catholic church |
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| Counter Reformation / Council of Trent |
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| polyphonic music made it impossible to understand text, secular music for mass was not okay, Kyrie was an example that it was okay |
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| 48 preludes and fugues by Bach to show tuning |
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| all of Bach’s fugue writings |
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| Queen Elizabeth I, Weelkes, As Vesta Was Descending |
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| Terpsichore, Michael Praetorius |
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| single vocal melody with accompaniment, also known as homophonic, early baroque |
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| not ending at rest, Monteverdi |
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| “Doctrine of the Affections” |
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| florid/melismatic/melisma |
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| many notes per syllable of text |
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| one note per syllable of text |
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| 3 movements, with one or more soloists |
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| one soloist accompanied by an orchestra |
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| group of soloists that are accompanied by orchestra |
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| single melody, no accompaniment, Early Music Guild |
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| Primo libro della musiche |
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| By Caccini, O Che Nuovo Stupor |
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| creation of music the same time it is formed, Bach |
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| a passage that looks a fugue, Bach, Cantata |
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-Gregorian chant
-Proper
-ABA
-single syllables of text |
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| medieval period (450-1450) composers |
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Pope Gregory
Hildegard of Bingen
Machaut |
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| Renaissance period (1450-1600) composers |
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Josquin Desprez
Palestrina
Thomas Tallis
Thomas Weelkes
John Dowland
Michael Praetorius |
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| Early Baroque (1600-1680) composers |
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Monteverdi
Francesca Caccini |
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| Late Baroque (1680-1750) composers |
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Purcell
Antonio Vivaldi
Bach
Handel |
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