Munojaat Yulicheeva
leading performer of classical Uzbek music

Sarakhbori Dugox

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national eastern dance that Munojaat performs

Turgun Alimatov

Uzbek musician, strongly identified with Uzbek nationalism and could play all instruments in an ensemble

Sevara Nazarkhan

Uzbek singer, songwriter, and musician. Incorporates Uzbek folk and contemporary music

Hector Zazou/Real World Records

Producer who produced Sevara Nazarkhan and the record label he produced her music on.

Yol Bolsin

famous song by Sevara Nazarkham

Ashot Petrosiants

lead acoustician in folk orchestra, founded the conservator

Doyra
medium sized frame drum with jingles from Uzbekistan
Dutor
long neck two stringed lute from Uzbekistan
Tanbur
long necked fretted lute from Uzbekistan

Kashgar Rubob

short necked lute from Uzbekistan

Gijak

bow fiddle, nasal timbre from Uzbekistan

Arranged folklore

practice of collecting monophonic tunes from rural communities, codifying and harmonizing them for polyphonic performance by large ensembles

Estrada
popular music in Uzbekistan, combo of national instruments and synthesized sounds 
Usul
the system of rhythmic modes that provide the rhythmic foundation for Uzbek classical music
Mog’ulchai 
in five pitches, music in heterophony, complex meter (think Clocks by Coldplay)
Nola
pitch bending ornaments on voice or instrument that are often microtonal and are considered highly expressive
Ouge
the climactic point in a piece of classical Uzbek music like the Shashmaqom
Shashmaqom
set repertoire of Uzbek classical music. It is traditionally played heterophonically and includes both instrumental and vocal sections
Adhan
called out by the muezzin in the mosque five times a day, traditionally from a minaret, summoning Muslims for mandatory prayers

Muezzin
the person appointed at a mosque to lead, and recite, the call to prayer for every event of prayer and worship in the mosque
Sufi
mystical sect of Islam
Muhammad
prophet of Islam
Maqam/Makam
system of melodic modes (which collection of pitches you are going to use) common in Arabic and Turkish tradition

Dastgah
Persian mode or system of rules and expectations for composition and improvisation
Gusheh
Iranian mode or system of rules and expectation for composition and improvisation

Tahrir
“martyr square” in downtown Cairo, Egypt 
Maghrib
“the time or the place of the sunset”

Mashriq
“the time or the place of the sunrise- the east”

Takht ensemble
Arabic music ensemble including zithers, bowed and plucked lutes, drums & aerophones
Firqa orchestra
a bigger version of Takht

Raqs Sharqi
the Arabic name for “belly dance”
Tarab
Arabic word for the state of emotional transformation or ecstasy achieved through music 
Dhikr/Zikr
Sufi ritual which believers chant name of Allah with goal of entering ecstatic state
Ud
fretless, plucked pear shaped lute that is found in Arabic music traditions

Ney

vertical flute 

Qanun

plucked zither, chordophone from the Middle East

Santur
hammered zither from the Middle East
Tar
long necked lute of Iran, similar to the dutar from the Middle East
Zarb/Tombak
standing drum, membranophone from the Middle East
Buzuq
round-bodied lute, chordophone, from Turkey (Middle East)
Taqasim
an instrumental improvisational form in Turkish/Arabic music traditions
Masnavi
famous poem written in Persian by Rumi
Jalal al-din Muhammad Rumi 
famous poet

Umm Kulthum

internationally famous Egyptian singer, songwriter, and film actress of the 1930’s-1970’s

Dalai Lama
spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism

Yunchen Lhamo
Tibetan singer/songwriter
“Incantation” and “Mani” Om mani padme hum (Om mani peme hung) 
Tibetan mantra
Kang dung
thigh bone trumpet from Tibet

Dung chen

aerophone, long metal trumpets with low tunes

Dung kar

conch shell trumpets from Tibet

Rom/rol mo

cymbals from Tibet

Gyaling

double reed aerophone from Tibet

Drilbu

bell from Tibet

On ikki maqom

12 different pitch collections in the Xinjiang region of China  

Dutar
traditional long neck two stringed lute from Xingjiang

Rawap
lute from Xingjiang 
Cultural Revolution
10 year period in China’s history that consisted of great political change and revolution
Bayin
Chinese organological system based on eight materials 
Sizhu
“silk and bamboo” Chinese ensemble consisting of stringed instruments and aerophones
Jiangnan Sizhu
tea house music associated with Shanghai

Qin/guqin
bridgeless plucked zither with 7 strings from China

Tablature
notation that indicated how to plug string 
Jianpu
cipher notation 
Jingju
Beijing opera
Yangbanxi/model revolutionary opera

Beijing operas infused with communist and nationalist political messages

Sheng/Dan/Jing/Chou
mouth organ from China
Erhu
fiddle from China
Yangqin
A hammered zither from China

Pipa
a pear-shaped lute from China
Sheng
a mouth organ from China
Jinghu
the lead fiddle of the Beijing Opera’s instrumental ensemble
Suona
a double reed aerophone from China, military instrument 

Dizi

a transverse flute from China

Kut

Korean ritual music performed by a shaman

Buk

membranophone from Korea

P’ansori

narrative vocal performance style from Korea

Saenap
double reed aerophone from Korea
Janggu
slim waist drum, membranophone from Korea
Jing
the warrior role-type in the Beijing Opera from China
Kwenggari
small flat gong usually used in Korean folk music 
Sarod
plucked stringed instrument from North India
Sitar
chordophone from North India
Tabla
Two drums with metal circle in the middle from North India
Tanpura/Tambura
long necked plucked lute, chorodophone from North India

Harmonium

free reed aerophone similar to an accordion from North India

Veena/Sarasvati Vina

plucked musical instrument from South India, played horizontally

Violin

chordophone, played in a seated position with instrument balanced on foot from South India

Sruti box

electronic instrument that emits constant drones (electronophone) from South India

Mrindangam

large drum, wooden dowels to adjust pitch from South India

Tavil
barrel shaped drum from South India

Kriti

format of a musical composition typical to Carnatic music, a South Indian classical music style 

Alapana

a form of melodic improvisation that introduces and develops a raga 

Guru

teacher

Tyagaraja

the greatest composer of Carnatic music

Aradhana

a 1969 Bollywood film directed by Shakti Samanta

Hindustani

the cultural traditions of Northern India

Carnatic

classical music of Southern India

Filmi/Filmi Git

popular music taken from films in India

Lata Mangeshkar

famous filmi singer from India

Bollywood

an informal name for India’s film industry derived from a combination of the words “Bombay” and “Hollywood”

Raga

melodic mode found in South India

Tala

meter of South Indian classical music

Bols

mnemonic syllables corresponding to drum stroked in Indian drumming traditions

Tintal

duple

Solfege

mnemonic syllables corresponding to individual pitches in a scale

Sargam

solfege syllables (nmeotic device) used for pitches in South Asia (Sa Ra Ga Ma Pa Da Ni Sa)

Alap

the opening, freely rhythmic period of improvisation of raga performance in Indian classical music 

Jhala

refers to a set of drone strings on Indian chordophones. Also a reference to the climactic end of the alap section of raga performance in India

Jor

a regularizing of the beat in the opening section of raga performance in Indian classical music

Gat

the composed section of instrumental performance in South Indian classical music    

Rasa

the mood or sentiment of an artistic expression in India 

Ravi Shankar
Indian musician and composer who played the sitar

Bhajan

any type of devotional song (South India)