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when everyone drops out & one soloist improvises & shows off
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| an important genre of keyboard music at the time, is an organ composition incorporating a hymn tune. |
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| 7 verses) – Lutheran church services à oratorio à a composition in several movements for solo voices, instruments and also a chorus |
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breaks in chorale
Gapped – breaks in chorale
Continuous – no breaks
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| sacred drama set to music (opera about a religious subject) |
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A B A
—–^—– —–^—– —–^—–
||:A:||:B:|| ||:C||:D:|| ||:B:||:A:||
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||:A:||:B:||
or
A_A __B_B
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| collection of misc. stylized dances |
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| a piece that sounds complete but is a part of a composition (one of a set) |
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songs against each other
(sung, recited, or played alternately by two groups)
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| (return) piece of music in orchestra that keeps returning |
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| a small group of soloists with full orchestra à (2 or more soloist + instruments in a somewhat contest) |
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soloist + orchestra à a three-part musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra
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– musical forms are clearer and more regular in the Baroque period than in most other historical periods. 2 factors; social & intellectual
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| Standard texture is polyphonic |
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group of instruments in the violin family
Basic Baroque –
Festive Baroque –
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| Bach’s notably sensitive writing for the flute, harpsichord textures, organ, etc |
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| once it was chosen or set it remained at about the same level throughout the whole section |
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poly composition whereby fugal subject passed from voice to voice or instrument to instrument in staggered fashion
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| singers and composers were supplied music to show off their talents. |
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under patronage of kings or members of the nobility a musician was employed, they were kept in better touch with musical developments since it required them to travel.
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| in the cathedrals, monasteries, and town churches of the Baroque era, the general assumption was that the organist & choir masters would compose their own music, then play & conduct it. |
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| all instruments should imitate the human voice |
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| – An instrumentalist or singer of great technical ability. |
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| dances selected from operas & ballets |
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Italian
with a women “last ranked madrigal composer”
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| instrumental accompaniment to the vocal soloist – substantially more so than in recitative secco. There is often a stronger metric pulse (all instruments in orchestra come in) à (+) rhythym, meter & tempo |
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| sung narrative that follows the natural flow of language (it is speech-like) à(only 3 pieces: organ, chello & singer) à (-) no apparent rhythm, meter or tempo (DRY) think of harpsichord |
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| – a song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment |
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| a vocal line that imitates speech à a half singing half reciting style of presenting words in opera, cantata & oratorio |
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drama set to music
Seria – serious opera from ancient history (solo singining)
Buffa – comic opera
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| musical composition by Bach à prelude & fugue à 1 in every major & minor key (48 pieces) |
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| system of tuning devised in Baroque era à allowed all fixed pitched instruments à G sharp & A flat = same pitch |
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the organization of system tuning based on Pythagorean theory à G sharp & A flat not in same pitch
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