Melody moves in steps, not leaps
Exsultate Deo
8th note patterns to enlightne
esultate deo
when was opera invented
baroque
decision that less people = more drama through individual variation
flourentine camarata
when was monody
baroque
matching musical rythym to rythym of words
lorfeo
tempo changes frequently with a lack of a meter to add emotion
lorfeo
who completed large epics
purcell
recitative and aria
dido
word painting (3)
exulstate deo, lorfeo, dido
ritornello form
complete – ep1 – partial – ep 2 – partial – ep3 – complete

tonic – other keys – tonic

who is the master of counterpoint
bach
what did Voltaire lead
enlightenment
optimism for the average person
classical
Louis XIV death, American independence, French revolution
classical
large and prosperous middle class due to economy – what were implications
classical – more public shows and people wanting to play music and autonomy for composers
when did composers become self employed
classical
when was the rise of the piano
classical
HOMOPHONY
Classical
more polyphony
renaissance
2 and 4 bar phrases
classical
simple harmony with slow chord progression
classical
3 new genres of classical
comic opera, symphony, chamber music (string quartet and sonatas)
strict music conventions
classical
“ABA” Form
Aria
who became a celebrity once broke free
Haydn
who wrote for himself
beethoven
who wrote exclusively piano
chopin
heliganstadt testament
beethovens suicide notes – music kept him in his life
what time was meant for reflection of society
classical
what time was for internal shade of composer
romantic
beethovens career points
made $ from publishing, more freedom, slow work = longer pieces
how was Beethoven political
napoleon (his 3rd symphony)
who’s music was serious, forceful, long crescendos, thematic
beethoven
who added sudden key changes
beethoven
how does 6 easy variations break convention
2 3-bar and 1 5 bar phrase
how was 5th symphony unconventional
oboe solo and key change (recap B is in major of the tonic as opposed to the tonic)
beethovens career points
made $ from publishing, more freedom, slow work = longer pieces
how was Beethoven political
napoleon (his 3rd symphony)
who’s music was serious, forceful, long crescendos, thematic
beethoven
who added sudden key changes
beethoven
how does 6 easy variations break convention
2 3-bar and 1 5 bar phrase
how was 5th symphony unconventional
oboe solo and key change (recap B is in major of the tonic as opposed to the tonic)
increased emotional range, orchestral size, polyphony
Beethoven / romantic
focus on god and nature
romantic
focus on science
baroque and classical
mercanaries
hired soldiers
4 people whom exemplified nationalism
brahms – folk tunes
wagner – folk tales
chopin – mazurkas Poland
Verdi – Political Italian Operas
Eiffel tower, Brooklyn bridge, statue of lberty
romantic
how is napoleon painting romantic (3)
points to left, environment reflects mood of artist/ characters, windy = emphasis on nature
more polyphony vs. more homophony
romantic vs.. classical
who was mr. miniature and who was mr. grandiose
chopin and berlioze
who wrote songs majorically
schubert
first guy to achieve fame with piano
chopin
performed only about 30 times
chopin
started using pedals
chopin
etude
study piece
what piece is in rubato form
chopin – robbed form – accompinement keeps tempo but melody is free to move
which piece used neighbouring tones to add tension
chopins prelude in e minor
which piece used dynamics changes and escending melodic lines
chopins prelude in e minor
who was the first performance hero
liszt
lyric vs. grand vs. comic opera
stories of tragic love with full productions – grand productions lofty subjects – comical subjects with simple productions
thematic transformation – what and who
changing ideas and reappearing themes – liszt
transcriptions – what and who
liszt – transcribing operas and symphonies into piano – implications…
who wrote for the avg person
Verdi – increase popularity – became parliament member
3 Characteristics of Verdi/ Italy
Melodic tunes, dotted melodies, drama was short and action-packed
human emotion rather than tragic plot
otello
accompanied recitative
otello – half aria
1525-1594
pal
1567-1643
monte
1659-95
purcell
1678-1741
viv
1732-1809
haydn
1756-1791
mozart
1770-1827
beethoven
1797-1828
schubert
1805-1847
hansel
1810-1849
chopin
1811-1886
liszt
1813-1901
verdi
motet
exulstate
ritournello (2)
viv and orfeo
ground bass descends with grief
dido
simple relatable characters
la padrona
word painting (3)
orfeo, dido, exulstate
rondo form
haydn
4 forms for each movement
sonata, aria, minuet and trio (triple meter), rondo (abacada, abacaba)
sonata form (2)
Mozart, 5th symph
chromatic passages and surprise notes
mozart
how is Beethoven unconventional (3)
oboe solo, wrong key for recap B, 3 and 5 bar phrases
program music
viv and hansel
modified strophic form
schubert – different melodies on each stanza to go with proper emotion
ABA (2)
chopin and hansel
meant for amature
hansel
emotion with dissonance and high leaps
hansel
3 cadence types
authentic (5-1), plagal (4-1), half (1 or 4 to 5)
ternary vs. binary
ABA vs. AABB
liturgical
made for church
contus firmus and piece
melody in soprano voice range – exulstate
contata
small opera performances unstaged
3 movements of the solo concerto
fast, slow, faster than first
prelude
improvisation parts (time killer)
fugue
polyphony that is controlled with a common theme
punctus contre punctus
bachs fugue in aminor
freemasons
underground society for moral support
3 accompinents of classical
walking bass ( notes beside), SIMPLE HARMONY (with chord progression), alberti bass (breaking down chords, homophonic as does not equal melody)
overture definition
instrumental intro with three short parts