music
art of sound in time
rhythm
element of music that deals with time
beat
pulse that’s heard in a piece of music
measure
a unit of music with a regular number of beats (you can see)
accent
beat that is played slightly louder than the others
tempo
rate of speed
meter
any pattern of strong & weak beats (you can hear)
pitch
highness or lowness of a note; determined by the speed of wavelengths; (fast-high/ slow-fast)
dynamics
loudness or softness of a note
timbre (tone color)
the clear and unmistakable quality of a particular instrument or voice
scale
pattern of notes going up & down in regular order
melody
series of notes that sound one after another
phrase
melody with beginning, middle and end
motive
part of melody, shorter than a phrase, used often enough to be important
theme
melody in a longer piece that is heard often enough to be recognized
harmony
notes sounding together
interval
two notes sounding together
chord
three of more notes sounding together
texture
the ways melodies and harmonies can be combined
monophony (monophonic music)
one line of music and nothing else
homophony (homophonic music)
one main melody with supporting chords
polyphony (polyphonic music)
two or more lines of music going at once and you can hear both or all at the same time
tonality
idea that music often centers around 1 note and its chord
tonic
the note a piece of music is based on
key
scale on which a piece of music is based
chamber music
music written for small groups of instruments, usually 2-8 people, each person plays a different part
form
structure of a piece in terms of its sections
subject
main melody of a fugue
exposition
section of a fugue where the subject is present
Seven Families of Instruments
strings
woodwinds
brass
percussion
keyboard
electronic
human voice
Stringed Instruments:
Played w/ Bow
Violin
Viola
Cello
Double Bass or Bass Viole
Stringed Instruments: Plucked w/ Fingers
Guitar
Harp
Woodwinds: Commonly Used
flute
clarinet
oboe
bassoon
saxophone
Woodwinds: Highest to Lowest Pitch
Single*
Double+
None^
piccolo^
flute^
oboe+
clarinet*
English horn+
bassoon+
bass clarinet*
contra bassoon+
Percussion: Particular Note
timpani (kettle drum)
xylophone
marimba
glockenspiel
Celeste
chimes
vibraphone
Percussion: No Particular Note
snare drum
bass drum
gong
cymbals
castanets
tambourines
wood block
maracas
triangles
List the 3 parts of the Sonata Allegro Form
Exposition
Development
Recapitulation
Instruments of a String Quartet
2 Violins
1 Viola
1 Cello
Instruments of a Woodwind Quintet
Flute
Oboe
Clarinet
Bassoon
French Horn
Piano Trio
Piano
Violin
Cello
Instruments in an ORCHESTRA
Strings, woodwinds and percussion
Instruments in a Symphonic (concert)Band
Woodwinds
Brass
Percussion
Instruments in a Marching Band
Woodwinds, brass and Percussion
Instruments of a Jazz Band
Trumpets
Trombones
Saxophones
Piano
Guitar
Drum
Double Bass
Keyboard Instruments
Piano
Harpsichord
Organ
Voice Type: highest to lowest
Soprano
Mezzo-Soprano
Alto
Baritone
Tenor
Bass
Types of Choirs
4Part: Soprano.Alto.Tenor.Bass
6Part:Sop1.Sop2.Alto.Tenor.Baritone.Bass
8Part:S1.S2.A1.A2.T1.T2.B.B.
Women:Soprano 1&2. Alto 1&2.
Male: Tenor 1&2. Baritone. bass