| When was the romantic period? |
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| What did romantic period music sound like? |
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| Greater range in tone color, dynamics, and pitch, than classical period. Expanded harmony, complex chords. |
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| What did romantic composers want from their music? |
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| Romantic composers wanted their music to have individual style. It is easier to tell who wrote what in romantic era than classical. |
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| What topics were heavily covered in the romantic period? |
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| Romantic love was still the focus of songs and operas, but dark music drew some composers. |
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| Nationalism is music that has a national identity. It uses folk songs, dances, legends, and history of the land. |
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| Intentionally implies foreign culture. Frequently employed in operas with foreign settings. |
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| Music associated with story, poem, idea, or scene. |
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| What is expressive tone color? |
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| Composers tried to create unique sounds by blending instruments and adding new instruments. Never before had timbre been so important. Orchestration became regarded as an art form in the romantic era. Advances in instrument design allowed for various tone color. |
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| What were the sizes of orchestras in the romantic era vs the classical? |
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| Classical: 20-60 members, Romantic: 100 |
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| What happened to dynamics and pitch in the Romantic era? |
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| They became more exaggerated. Dynamics went from pp and ff to pppp and ffff. |
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| Slight holding back or pressing forward of speed. |
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| What were the two different forms of the romantic era? |
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| There was miniature and monumental. Some composers played for just a few minutes, and some played for hours (required hundreds of performers). |
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| Describe the finances of composers in the romantic era. |
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| Few composers were financially successful. Most supported themselves through teaching or authoring. Composers and audience came from the same class. Piano became a fixture in most homes during the romantic era. Private music making increased also. |
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| What is an art song and when did they become popular? |
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| They became popular in the romantic era. They were compositions for solo voice and piano. It was linked to a vast amount of poetry from this period. |
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| What is strophic form and through-composed form? |
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| Strophic form repeats music for each verse. Through-composed form has new music for each verse. |
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| A song cycle is a group of songs unified by some feature. |
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| Born in Vienna 1797-1828
Early Romantic composer
– When he was 18 years old, he wrote 143 songs
– Included two symphonies, an opera, and a mass
Not financially successful
– His symphonies were not performed until after his death
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Wrote over 600 songs
– Also symphonies, string quartets, other chamber music,
sonatas, masses, operas, and piano works
– The Unfinished Symphony: only two movements, not four
Important Piece: Erlking |
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| Germany 1810-1856
Wanted to be piano virtuoso
Temperamentally unsuited for some of the musical positions he attempted
Married his piano teacher’s daughter
Committed to asylum, where he died
Important Pieces: Estrella |
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| Who is Clara Wieck Schumann? |
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| Germany 1819-1896
A leading nineteenth-century pianist
Pair was friends with Johannes Brahms
Stopped composing at age 36
– Considered herself primarily a performer
– Wrote:
– Perhaps related to negative attitude toward women composers
– Possibly due to her close association with overwhelming
geniuses like Brahms and her husband
– Songs
– Piano pieces
– A piano concerto
– A trio for piano, violin, and cello
Important Piece: Liebst du um Schonbeit (if you love for beauty) |
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| Polish (1810-1849)
Early to mid-romantic composer
Wrote almost exclusively for piano
Went to Paris at age 21
– Europe’s romantic period artistic capital
– Made extensive use of piano pedals
Composed mostly for chamber concert
– Avoided concert halls
Affair with Aurore Dudevant (a.k.a. George Sand)
Developed personal style at early age
– Not program music, but evokes an image
– Unique harmonic style influenced others
Most of his pieces are elegant miniatures
Important Piece: Nocturne (night piece) |
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| Hungarian Composer 1811-1866
virtuoso pianist, incredible performer, ‘pop star’. wrote music foreshadowing 20th century
some called his music bombarding or vulgar. broke away from strict classical forms
Important Piece: Transcendental Etude no. 10 in F minor |
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| German 1809-1847
Developed early. Responsible for the revival of Bach’s music. Died of a stroke while touring. His music was more conservative. He avoided emotional extremes. Wrote in all forms other than opera.
Important Piece: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E Minor |
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| French 1803-1869
Wrote unconventional music. It was passionate and unpredictable. Worked as a music critic. he was on of the first great conductors. His music was very imaginative. His music was not always understood.
important piece: Symphony Fantastique |
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| Czeck, 1841-1904
– As teenager, played in orchestra under Smetana
Became director of the National Conservatory of
Music in New York
Later returned to Prague Conservatory
Important Piece: Symphony no 9 in E minor |
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