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Outrageous outfits reflect 70s extravagance Carefully crafted songs NUMBER 1 POP ARTIST OF THE 70s “Rocket Man” |
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Pioneer of rock theatre “School’s Out” |
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Make-up, extravagant shows Very commercial (merchandise) “Rock and Roll All Nite” |
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Glam rock “Space Oddity” In 1972, declares he is gay “Ziggy Stardust” Becomes “Thin White Duke” in 1975
One of the first to treat the concert as carefully choreographed “show” |
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One of the most popular bands of all time “Bohemian Rhapsody” – The first single whose success was connected with its video |
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Music of a new generation: angry, minimalist, back to basics Born in New York at a bar called CBGB Centers were NYC and London is guitars, bass, drums only
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Seen as “DIY” |
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“Heroin”: a journey through the mind of a drug addict |
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• Poet • Free verse and improvisatory rock • Smith suggested new roles for women in rock • Horses (1976): one of the first great punk albums • EX. “Gloria” |
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• Back to basics, stripped-down rock • A 50s rebel look • Two-minute songs, high-energy guitar attack, ironic lyrics
“Teenage Lobotomy” |
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• Band lasted little more than a year • Malcolm McLaren, manager, helped create the mythology of punk: an aesthetic, political and musical revolution • Music stripped down to the essentials of speed, noise, fury (anti-music?)
“Anarchy In The UK” “God Save the Queen” |
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• A funk-based style of dance music popular in the second half of the 70s • DJs playing non-stop dance music with thumping beat • Dominated the charts in late 70s
• Arose from gay New York dance culture • DJs created smooth transitions between songs • Funk was the root musical style |
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Dance clubs using recorded music, around since early 60s In 70s they added light shows from psychedelic era |
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• Three no. 1 singles in 1975: – “Get Down Tonight” – “That’s The Way I Like It” – “(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty” |
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• Disco’s first diva • EX. “Love To Love You Baby” (1976) |
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Producer Created extended, symphonic mixes (did the DJs work) |
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• Six gay men in costume • Songs were gay jokes for those who got them; disco novelties/camp for those who didn’t • EX. “Macho Man” |
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The Bee Gees, Saturday Night Fever |
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Made disco safe and widely popular • Great commercial success: the biggest selling record ever at the time • EX. “Staying Alive” |
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• Anti-disco campaigns from the hard rock/metal axis (young white males) |
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• A mix of Jamaican folk music and American R&B • The first rock style to originate in the so-called Third World • Born in Kingston, Jamaica
Kingston slang term meaning “raggedy, everyday stuff”
• Musical characteristics include emphasis on offbeat (rhythm guitar), heavy bass, interlocking rhythms • A political music: attacks racism, capitalism
Influenced by the Rastafari movement and Rude Boy street politics |
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• Made reggae global in 1970s • Six gold LPs between 1975 and 1980 • An icon for oppressed peoples everywhere • EX. “Stir It Up” |
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• Succeeds punk • Retains punk’s energy but with a new attitude: irony vs. rage, aesthetic statement vs. nihilism • More polished musicianship • More commercial success |
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“Psycho Killer”
• Represented the self-consciously artistic side of 70s alternative rock • Aesthetic of minimalism • Image of nerdy college students • Mixed R&B, funk, African rhythms |
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• Rose from British punk scene • Strong reggae influence: EX. “Roxanne” (1978) • Pop superstars in the 80s • An original guitar sound |
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• Launched August 1, 1981: changed popular music Now, music video was used for marketing |
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Music with synthesizers and a disco beat (call it synth-pop, or electro-pop) |
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• Began as disco diva, then used music video to make herself a star • Bowie-like chameleon • Consistently pushed buttons: sexuality, religion, abortion, and so forth • Sold sex (“Like A Virgin”) but controlled every aspect of her career (songwriting, production, video, image)
“Material Girl” |
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• Twin lead guitars • Extravagant stage shows • Short, catchy tunes point the way to 80s pop metal • British Steel (1980): first album to chart in U.S. • EX. “You’ve Got Another Thing Coming” (1982) |
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• Part of the first wave of American metal, formed in 1970 • Rolling Stones parallels • “The Toxic Twins”: decline in late 70s • Permanent Vacation (1984): comeback kids • EX. “Sweet Emotion” |
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• Formed 1974; US success begins with Highway to Hell (1979) • Back In Black is one of the best selling albums worldwide of all time (!) • EX. “Highway to Hell” |
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• Underground: sought to maintain the “true” metal tradition • From hardcore punk comes faster tempos, hostile posture, fanzines, indie labels etc. • The father in many ways was Lemmy Kilmister of Motorhead • EX. Motorhead, “Ace Of Spades” |
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• Formed 1981 • Like Motorhead and, later, Megadeth, this band sped metal up to create the new style • Underground, music circulated on cassette • Eventually top 10 without MTV or radio airplay • EX. “The Four Horsemen” |
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• Formed 1983 when Dave Mustaine was kicked out of Metallica • This band continued Metallica’s thrash metal style with even more speed and intensity • Created a progressive strain of heavy metal based on chops and aggression • EX. “Mechanix” |
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• Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) founded 1985 • Congressional hearings, pressure for ratings system/advisory labels • Metal and violence, profanity, occult, drugs etc. • The “hypodermic model” of musical effects • Famous court cases: Ozzy in 1985 (“Suicide Solution”); Judas Priest in 1990 • “Backmasking” (or “Backward masking”) |
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• EX. “The Message” (1982): a frank view of ghetto life • Showed that rap could be much more than novelty: its lyrics could now deal with serious issues
EX. “The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel” (1981) • The first record made entirely out of other records? • The first true hip hop record? |
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• A new sound: rapid-fire vocal tradeoffs, spare boomy beats • Brought rap to the masses with their album Raising Hell (1986) • EX. “Walk This Way” (1986): – Combines rap and rock – The first top ten rap hit – Classic video, and the first rap video ever shown on MTV |
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Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force |
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• EX. “Planet Rock” (1982) • Synthesized, futuristic funk sound, illustrates coming of drum machines, sampling • Roland TR-808 drum machine |
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• Perhaps the first true turntablist • Brought the Jamaican sound system and concept of toasting to rap • He used two turntables to create a new mix or dub, to extend the break (break is the percussion solo in a funk song) |
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1979 Sugarhill Gang Brought rap to national attention |
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• Created their own record label • Overtly political • EX. “California Uber Alles” (1979) |
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• Socially conscious folk/alternative-rock • Clean, natural sound (vs. mainstream 80s-pop sheen) • EX. “Radio Free Europe” |
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• ‘Invented’ by Grand Wizard Theodore • EXS. Early masterpieces include Grandmaster Flash, “Adventures on the Wheels of Steel” (1981), and Herbie Hancock, “Rockit” (1983) |
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• DJs like Kool Herc added verbal patter (intros, segues) to the tracks • It becomes more elaborate when others (MCs) do it while DJ spins • One definition of it is: rhyming in rhythm • Antecedents: childrens’ rhymes, “the dozens,” oratory of Martin Luther King and Muhammed Ali • In essence it is about competition, the battle (e.g., MC battles) |
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Expands guitar technique with hammers, pulloffs, and, especially, TAPPING |
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