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Outrageous outfits reflect 70s extravagance
Carefully crafted songs
NUMBER 1 POP ARTIST OF THE 70s
“Rocket Man” |
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Pioneer of rock theatre
“School’s Out” |
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Make-up, extravagant shows
Very commercial (merchandise)
“Rock and Roll All Nite” |
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Glam rock
“Space Oddity”
In 1972, declares he is gay
“Ziggy Stardust”
Becomes “Thin White Duke” in 1975
One of the first to treat the concert as carefully choreographed “show” |
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One of the most popular bands of all time
“Bohemian Rhapsody”
– The first single whose success was connected with its video |
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Music of a new generation: angry, minimalist, back to basics
Born in New York at a bar called CBGB
Centers were NYC and London
is guitars, bass, drums only
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Seen as “DIY” |
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| “Heroin”: a journey through the mind of a drug addict |
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• Poet
• Free verse and improvisatory rock
• Smith suggested new roles for women in rock
• Horses (1976): one of the first great punk albums
• EX. “Gloria” |
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• Back to basics, stripped-down rock
• A 50s rebel look
• Two-minute songs, high-energy guitar attack, ironic lyrics
“Teenage Lobotomy” |
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• Band lasted little more than a year
• Malcolm McLaren, manager, helped create the mythology of punk: an aesthetic, political and musical revolution
• Music stripped down to the essentials of speed, noise, fury (anti-music?)
“Anarchy In The UK”
“God Save the Queen” |
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• A funk-based style of dance music popular in the second half of the 70s
• DJs playing non-stop dance music with thumping beat
• Dominated the charts in late 70s
• Arose from gay New York dance culture
• DJs created smooth transitions between songs
• Funk was the root musical style |
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Dance clubs using recorded music, around since early 60s
In 70s they added light shows from psychedelic era |
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• Three no. 1 singles in 1975:
– “Get Down Tonight”
– “That’s The Way I Like It”
– “(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty” |
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• Disco’s first diva
• EX. “Love To Love You Baby” (1976) |
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Producer
Created extended, symphonic mixes (did the DJs work) |
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• Six gay men in costume
• Songs were gay jokes for those who got them; disco novelties/camp for those who didn’t
• EX. “Macho Man” |
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| The Bee Gees, Saturday Night Fever |
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Made disco safe and widely popular
• Great commercial success: the biggest selling record ever at the time
• EX. “Staying Alive” |
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| • Anti-disco campaigns from the hard rock/metal axis (young white males) |
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• A mix of Jamaican folk music and American R&B
• The first rock style to originate in the so-called Third World
• Born in Kingston, Jamaica
Kingston slang term meaning “raggedy, everyday stuff”
• Musical characteristics include emphasis on offbeat (rhythm guitar), heavy bass, interlocking rhythms
• A political music: attacks racism, capitalism
Influenced by the Rastafari movement and Rude Boy street politics |
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• Made reggae global in 1970s
• Six gold LPs between 1975 and 1980
• An icon for oppressed peoples everywhere
• EX. “Stir It Up” |
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• Succeeds punk
• Retains punk’s energy but with a new attitude: irony vs. rage, aesthetic statement vs. nihilism
• More polished musicianship
• More commercial success |
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| “Psycho Killer”
• Represented the self-consciously artistic side of 70s alternative rock
• Aesthetic of minimalism
• Image of nerdy college students
• Mixed R&B, funk, African rhythms |
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• Rose from British punk scene
• Strong reggae influence: EX. “Roxanne” (1978)
• Pop superstars in the 80s
• An original guitar sound |
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• Launched August 1, 1981: changed popular music
Now, music video was used for marketing |
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| Music with synthesizers and a disco beat (call it synth-pop, or electro-pop) |
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• Began as disco diva, then used music video to make herself a star
• Bowie-like chameleon
• Consistently pushed buttons: sexuality, religion, abortion, and so forth
• Sold sex (“Like A Virgin”) but controlled every aspect of her career (songwriting, production, video, image)
“Material Girl” |
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• Twin lead guitars
• Extravagant stage shows
• Short, catchy tunes point the way to 80s pop metal
• British Steel (1980): first album to chart in U.S.
• EX. “You’ve Got Another Thing Coming” (1982) |
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• Part of the first wave of American metal, formed in 1970
• Rolling Stones parallels
• “The Toxic Twins”: decline in late 70s
• Permanent Vacation (1984): comeback kids
• EX. “Sweet Emotion” |
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• Formed 1974; US success begins with Highway to Hell (1979)
• Back In Black is one of the best selling albums worldwide of all time (!)
• EX. “Highway to Hell” |
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• Underground: sought to maintain the “true” metal tradition
• From hardcore punk comes faster tempos, hostile posture, fanzines, indie labels etc.
• The father in many ways was Lemmy Kilmister of Motorhead
• EX. Motorhead, “Ace Of Spades” |
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• Formed 1981
• Like Motorhead and, later, Megadeth, this band sped metal up to create the new style
• Underground, music circulated on cassette
• Eventually top 10 without MTV or radio airplay
• EX. “The Four Horsemen” |
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• Formed 1983 when Dave Mustaine was kicked out of Metallica
• This band continued Metallica’s thrash metal style with even more speed and intensity
• Created a progressive strain of heavy metal based on chops and aggression
• EX. “Mechanix” |
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• Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) founded 1985
• Congressional hearings, pressure for ratings system/advisory labels
• Metal and violence, profanity, occult, drugs etc.
• The “hypodermic model” of musical effects
• Famous court cases: Ozzy in 1985 (“Suicide Solution”); Judas Priest in 1990
• “Backmasking” (or “Backward masking”) |
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• EX. “The Message” (1982): a frank view of ghetto life
• Showed that rap could be much more than novelty: its lyrics could now deal with serious issues
EX. “The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel” (1981)
• The first record made entirely out of other records?
• The first true hip hop record? |
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• A new sound: rapid-fire vocal tradeoffs, spare boomy beats
• Brought rap to the masses with their album Raising Hell (1986)
• EX. “Walk This Way” (1986):
– Combines rap and rock
– The first top ten rap hit
– Classic video, and the first rap video ever shown on MTV |
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| Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force |
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• EX. “Planet Rock” (1982)
• Synthesized, futuristic funk sound, illustrates coming of drum machines, sampling
• Roland TR-808 drum machine |
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• Perhaps the first true turntablist
• Brought the Jamaican sound system and concept of toasting to rap
• He used two turntables to create a new mix or dub, to extend the break (break is the percussion solo in a funk song) |
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1979
Sugarhill Gang
Brought rap to national attention |
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• Created their own record label
• Overtly political
• EX. “California Uber Alles” (1979) |
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• Socially conscious folk/alternative-rock
• Clean, natural sound (vs. mainstream 80s-pop sheen)
• EX. “Radio Free Europe” |
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• ‘Invented’ by Grand Wizard Theodore
• EXS. Early masterpieces include Grandmaster Flash, “Adventures on the Wheels of Steel” (1981), and Herbie Hancock, “Rockit” (1983) |
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• DJs like Kool Herc added verbal patter (intros, segues) to the tracks
• It becomes more elaborate when others (MCs) do it while DJ spins
• One definition of it is: rhyming in rhythm
• Antecedents: childrens’ rhymes, “the dozens,” oratory of Martin Luther King and Muhammed Ali
• In essence it is about competition, the battle (e.g., MC battles) |
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| Expands guitar technique with hammers, pulloffs, and, especially, TAPPING |
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