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following one?s fancy; at the whim of the performer |
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a duet ? or, two performers play part in unison |
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tempo at the discretion of the performer (rubato) |
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Accelerando (It), presses (Fr) |
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quickening; gradual speeding up |
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with ease, elegance; pleasing; agreeable |
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agitated, hurried, restless |
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Am Frosch (Gr), a la hausse (Fr) |
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play at the frog of the bow |
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charming, amiable, gracious |
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passionately, with intense emotion |
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Assai (It) , molto (It), tres (Fr), sehr (Gr) , ganz (Gr) |
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much, very much, rather much, etc. |
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decrease in volume and tempo |
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hurrying, pressing forward |
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Calmando (It), Calmato (It) |
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become calm, quiet, tranquil |
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Caminando (It) ? with ease; gentle; |
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with ease; gentle;flowing |
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Cantabile (It), cantando (It) |
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Cedez (Fr) , poco ritardando (It) |
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play with the wood of the bow, not the hair |
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Colla voce (It), colla parte (It) |
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following the soloist in a free manner |
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perform in a comfortable manner (usually a comfortably fast tempo) |
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Con (It), avec (Fr), mit (Gr) |
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in a sorrowful, mournful manner |
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small improvisatory section; mini cadenza, elaboration |
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to slacken the time and volume; dying away |
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Play with ease, lightness |
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Fierament (It) fiero, fiere |
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proud, haughtly, bold manner |
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attack the written note and immediately decrease in volume |
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Forzando (It), forzato, fz, sf, ffz |
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play a specific note or chord with great |
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in a wild, furious manner |
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moderately slow tempo (like andante) |
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graceful, smooth, elegant |
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full, great, grand, magnificent |
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Heftig (Gr), impetuoso (It) |
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vehement, boisterous, impetuous |
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restless, agitated, uneasy |
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Istesso (It) l?istesso tempo, lo stesso tempo |
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keep the beat the same throughout, even if time signature changes |
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let it vibrate, let the sound die away without dampening |
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perform with a broad, full sound |
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coaxing, flattering, caressing, alluring |
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Manus dexter, m.d. (Latin) |
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Manus sinister, m.s. (Latin) |
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stately, majestic, dignified |
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decreasing in volume; die away |
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marked, accented, emphatic, stressed |
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hammered; forceful, detached touch on the piano |
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Meno mosso (It) or piu lento |
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less motion; slower tempo |
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sad, mournful, melancholy |
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?half-voice?, i.e. perform in a quiet, restrained manner |
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dying away; diminish in tone and tempo |
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motion; con moto = with motion, or quickly |
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perpetual motion; a term used to describe rapidly executed and persistently maintained figuration |
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Non troppo (It), pas trop (fr) |
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otherwise, i.e., to perform a passage in an alternate manner (usually simplified) |
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declamatory, speaking style |
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written or improvised passage, – or ? a transition or modulation in a composition |
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use the damper pedal on piano (the on the right) |
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gradually diminishing in volume, rhgradually diminishing in volume, rhythm (tempo) and tone; to die awayythm |
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heavy and ponderous; with importance and weight |
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Piu (It), plus (Fr), (suffix) er [Gr] |
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Piu animato (It), piu mosso, piu allegro |
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Un poco (It), un peu (Fr), ein wenig (Gr) |
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A poco a poco (It), peu a peu (Fr), allmahlich (Gr) |
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little by little; gradually, a little at a time |
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sliding between two pitches |
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gradually diminish in volume, growing gentler, sweeter, calmer |
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sudden slowing down; held back; maintain this tempo until a tempo or other tempo change ? it doesn?t continue to slow down |
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to rob, or steal the time; flexibility of tempo by pushing forward or pulling back |
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Rinforzando (It), rinforzato, rfz |
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emphasis or accent applied in a passage or a small group of notes |
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in a rustic, rural manner |
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a leaping, skipping bowing technique |
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playful, merry, lively, animated |
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dragging; nicht schleppend = do not drag |
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spirited; mit schwungfoll ? with spirit |
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as follows; i.e. perform a passage in a similar manner as the one that preceded it |
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with strictness, severity |
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Sforzando, sforzato, sf, sff, sfff, sffz, sfffz, sfp (It) |
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to perform a note or chord with emphasis, followed immediately with a decrease in loudness |
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relax the tempo; become slower |
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softly, gently, muffled, dampened |
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subdued, sighing, doleful |
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under the voice, i.e., perform in a quiet manner, almost a whisper |
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separated, detached bow stroke using tip of bow |
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melody is spoken at approximate pitches rather than sung at exact pitches |
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pressing forward; accelerate the tempo |
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at, on, over, on the, near the |
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Sul ponticello (It), sur le chavalet (Fr) |
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at the bridge (stringed instruments) |
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Sul tastiera (It), sur la touche (Fr) |
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at the fingerboard (stringed instruments) |
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?just time? – in strict time; or return to regular tempo |
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holding back (similar to ritardando), but with a sustained quality |
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silent, i.e., do not play for an entire section or movement |
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indicates to the continuo performer that the bass note should be performed solo, without harmonization |
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low, deep, weighty, profound |
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study, technical exercise |
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lively, animated; slightly more animated than vivace |
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time; prima volta = first time; seconda volta = second time |
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Volti (v.s. or subito volti) |
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turn the page of the music; subito volti ? turn quickly! |
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tenderly, delicately, softly |
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Arpegement (Fr), Brechung (Gr) |
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Petites notes (Fr), kurz Vorschlage (Gr) |
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Brise (Fr), Doppelschlag (Gr), grupetto (It) |
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Pince (Fr), Pralltriller (Gr) |
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