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| The distinctive settings, sounds, and significances of music. |
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| The number of vibrations per second of a vibrating string or column of air, usually measured either in cycles per second (cps) or in Hertz (Hz) and kilohertz (kHz). Perception of frequency determines pitch. |
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| The harmonics above the fundamental. |
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| The series of simple vibration that combine to create a complex pitched sound, also called the harmonic series. Harmonics are present in the sounding of any string or air column. |
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| The science that deals with sound. |
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| The lowest tone in a harmonic series, also referred to as the “first harmonic” or “first partial,” which determines the perceived pitch of the sound. |
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| A field of study that joins the concerns and methods of anthropology with the study of music. |
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| The process of identifying a musical scene and studying the soundscape of which it is a part. |
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| Research, including observations and participation, of living traditions, also called musical ethnography. |
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| notes about observations during fieldwork |
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| Biphonic Tuvan throat singing, originally from rural Inner Asia and now heard in concert halls worldwide. Types of khoomii include sygyt, kargyraa, and ezengileer |
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| Chordophone, string instrument, Tuvan lute. |
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| is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). It lies in the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. |
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| The highness or lowness of a sound. |
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| A regular fluctuation of a sound, produced by varying the pitch of the sound. |
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| A sound that lacks any vibrato. |
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| a buzzing vocal quality produced by using the sinuses and mask of the face as sound resonates. |
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| The distinctiveness of a particular voice or instrument, arising from acoustical properties of the harmonic series. Also called quality. |
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| The process of singing by men in a high register above the normal male singing range. |
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| Instruments that produce sound by being vibrated. They are further classified by the way they are caused to vibrate: concussion, struck, stamped, shaken, scraped, plucked, or rubbed. |
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| Instruments whose sound are produced by a membrane stretched over an opening. They are distinguished by their material, shape, number or skins (or heads), how the skins are fastened, playing position, and manner of playing. |
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| Instruments with strings that can be plucked or bowed, they are subdivided into into zithers, lutes, lyres, and harps. |
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| Instruments that sound by means of vibrating air, they are subdivided into trumpets and horns, pipe (flutes and reeds), and free aerophones. |
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| Instruments that provide sound using electricity, they are subdivided into electromechanical instruments, radioelectric instruments, and digital electronic instruments. |
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| A classification of musical instruments, named after the scholars who developed the system. |
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| The study of musical instruments. |
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| The perceived loudness or softness of a sound. |
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| Range (wide range vs narrow range) |
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| The distance between the highest and lowest pitches that can be sung or played by a voice or instrument. |
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| A series of pitches set forth in ascending or descending order. |
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| The Indian system for organizing melodies according to their distinct pitch content, ornaments, and range of associations. |
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| A scale that contains five pitches, or the music that is based on such scales. |
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| is a musical ornament consisting of a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart, which can be identified with the context of the trill. |
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| A sequence of pitches, also called a “tune,” heard in the foreground of music. |
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| Stepwise melodic movement using small intervals, as opposed to disjunct melody. |
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| Melodic motion by leaps of large intervals, as opposed to conjunct melody. |
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| an Armenian wind instrument that symbolizes its native country. |
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| A steady single tone or a pipe on a bagpipe that produces one. |
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| Literally a “single sound,” the simplest musical texture. |
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| A singing technique of Inner Asian origin in which two tones, the fundamental and an overtone, are made audible simultaneously by a single singer; also known as harmonic singing |
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| A musical texture, as in the western hymn, where the parts perform different pitches but move in the same rhythm. |
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| A musical texture in which two or more parts sound almost the same melody at almost the same time; often with the parts ornamented differently. |
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| A musical texture in which the parts move in contrasting directions, as opposed to homophony. |
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| The way music organizes time; can be described in rhythm, pulse and meter. |
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| The collective sound of a series of chords, serving as a support to melody. The term also refers to a set of rules that govern the progress of sound in Western classical music. |
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| A term describing the regular pulse of much of Western classical music and its divisions into regular groupings of two, three four or six beats. |
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| Asymmetrical groupings with different numbers of beats per measure. |
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| A rhythmic effect that provides an unexpected accent, often by temporarily unsettling the meter through a change in the established pattern of stressed and unstressed beats. |
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| A form in which all verses of text are set to the same melody. Strophic form can include a refrain that is sung between verses. |
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| A fixed stanza of text and music that recurs between verses of a strophic song. |
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| The process of creating music. |
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| The process of composing music as it is performed, drawing on conventions of preexisting patters and styles. Examples include cadenzas, jazz riffs, and layali. |
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| A festival that the Ga people celebrate that marks the community’s triumph over famine with a successful harvest. |
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| The Asante king’s orchestra. |
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| An Ewe dance performed at social gatherings and funerals. |
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| Large drums, the central instruments in ensembles used is Asante ceremonies and state occasions. |
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| Contrasting rhythms that are performed at the same time |
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| An Indian rhythmic framework consisting of time cycles that contain a fixed number of counts. |
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| A song genre commemoration important important important events and individuals, usually in strophic form. |
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