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A place where slaves were permitted to dance
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Now called Louis Armstrong park
ring shout –has a cluster of individuals moving in a circular pattern. Comes from a ritual African ceremony
New Orleans City Council 1817 designated Congo square as the official site for slave dances
Other parts of the country did not permit this and outlawed any African elements in the music of slaves.
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Developed before the Civil War (1861-65)
Placed white performers in black makeup, where they mimicked, ridiculed, & made fun of the music, dance and culture of the slave population.
Replaced by vaudeville by 1900
Often the writer of the music had little knowledge of southern black music. Most composers were from the Northeast. Ex. Stephen Foster.
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Usually thought of as a piano genre. Does not swing.
It has an even division of the beat, and comes from the military march form.
AABBACCDD
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A term applied between 1921 & 1942 to recordings made especially for African-American listeners.
Coined by Ralph Peer of Okeh, the first company to have a race series.
Okeh started its 8000 series in 1921.
Valuable today.
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wrote: “Hell Hound on My Trail”
uneven phrases.
Text declamation:
statement
statement
commentary
Nasal vocal quality
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A pianist, composer, and bandleader from New Orleans.
First important jazz composer.
Blended composition with improvisation.
i.e. he “wrote it down”
Bridged the gap between ragtime piano style and jazz piano style.
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Jelly Roll Morton’s Red hot Peppers in Black Bottom Stomp |
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Instrumentation:
Piano, trumpet, trombone, clarinet, banjo, bass, drums.
Displays the following elements:
Call & Response
Solo Break
Stop Time
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extroverted player.
used marijuana to easy the pain of racism.
Has an FBI file for
the Little Rock 9
Played cornet and trumpet
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composed for piano.
first great white musician. more introspective than louis.
self taught- unorthodox technique
Three Periods:
wolverines with Hoagaay Carmichael
Frankie Trumbauer (Tram)
Paul Whiteman (very commercial)
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Early Jazz
Swing
Bebop
Cool Jazz (west coast)
Hard Bop
Post Bop
Free Jazz
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basic stylistic Components, developing of arranging, dance music, 3 main components, main instrumentation. Big band became standard. drum set was consolidated. rhythm section was now piano, bass, and drums. no more tuba and banjo.
Equal emphasis on all beats.
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5 saxophones, 3-4 trumpets, 3-4 trombones, piano, bass, guitar, and drums.
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Kansas city swing style, Brass vs. reeds, first great rhythm section, riff based compositions, disappearance of stride, Lester Young influence
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more than 2000 compositions. master of the three minute form. cotton club in Harlem. often wrotemore than one veresion of one song. Critics called it “jungle sounds” because of “buber” miley and his plunger mute and growls |
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King of Swing
As a soloist, he defined jazz clarinet as no other, before or since.
Established standards of technical perfection unheard of in that era.
Autocratic approach to band leading. (The Ray!!)
Popularized swing, he became a pop icon. Began in 1935 as a trio.
First racially mixed band.
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long solo lines, amplification
w/ Goodman sextet.
Blues form. This is a compilation of several solos.
Each solo is introduced by a 4 bar phrase.
First example of amplified electric guitar.
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Severely limited vision
Amazing Technique & velocity at piano
Reharmonization
Willow Weep for Me
Tiger Rag
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only used two fingers, addition of the violin, European jazz musician
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basic stylistic characteristics, melodic chromaticism, fast tempos, cabaret cards, move from entertainer to artist, artifacts for copyright reasons, decline of big bands (no single event was responsible), young musicians were drafted. petroleum/ shellac were in short supply.
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Gillespie pouches, Chano Pozo, worked with Bird, Afro-Cuban influence
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- a lighter, softer, more subtle version of bebop, and easier to follow.
- Saxophonists were influenced by Lester Young
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mixed meters, west coast school, cerebral, Blue Rondo a la Turk, crossrhythm, supermetric,
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guitar. unmeasured phrases
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Dave Brubeck Dizzy Gillespie Chet Baker Cootie Williams |
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piano, vibraphone, drums, bass |
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Pianist. willow weep for me |
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one of the most influential sax players |
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Count Basie Charlie Parker Art Tatum |
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tenor sax, tritone substitution |
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