acoustics
branch of physics that applies to sound
vibration
frequency-speed
timbre
voice of the instrument
instrument-vibrator
part of the instrument that plucks
instrument-resonator
part of the instrument that amplifies
pa yin
chinese classification of music, 2,300 years old(oldest in existence)
membranophone
primary vibrator is stretched skin(drum)
chordophone
primary vibrator is string
aerophone
primary vibrator is column of wind/air
idephone
ridgid instruments where the whole thing shakes or rattles(bell set)
electrophones
main vibrator is electrical field(synthesizer)
melody
a coherent succession of pitches
contour
shape of melody ascending/descending. it is culturally determined
form
architecture of a piece of music-the way sections and phrases go together to form a larger piece of music
cadence
stopping point-breath,period or comma
binary
music parted into two sections
ternary
music divided into 3 sections
rhythm
all aspects of music that deal with time.(tempo, pulse, meter)
AABB
form came from British Iles, dance form for dancing
AABB
form came from British Iles, dance form for dancing
dynamics
loudness and softness
fixed pitch
pitch that does not slide(piano)
tempo
speed
pitch
highness or lowness of the sound determined by the frequency
ensemble
more than one musician playing together
ensemble
more than one musician playing together
meter
organization of beats and pulses
organology
the study of musical instruments
overtones
sub vibrations that are the voice of the instrument-produce timbre
phrase
short, complete musical idea
pulse
beat
sliding pitch
pitch with changing frequency
texture
the relationship of voices or instruments in an ensemble
monophonic
one voice(solo, choir singing same melody
polyphonic
multiple voices
counterpoint
all playing different things and competing for attention
homophonic
everyone on same melody but different tones
heterophonic
same melody but “out of sync” – simultaneous variation
melody and drone
steady underlying pitch and melody played same time
Edward Hall
claims basic human drive is synchronizing
flow theory
optimal experiences that produce flow that make you so engaged you lose track of time
signs
something that is SIGNificant
semiotics
the study of significance
index
sign of association
icon
sign of resemblance
symbol-arbitrary sign
no real reason why things relate
colonialism
occupation by foreign power for resources and money
polyglot
society that speaks many languages
call and response
“conversation” between instruments or voices. general characteristic of african music
bela fleck
banjo player from africa
Zimbabwe
country in africa-southern Rhodesia
mbira
thumb piano
bira
ceremony of spirit possession-music is central
shona
southern cone tribe
inside the house
part of bira that is the more important part of the ceremony
outside the hosue
part of bira that is more social and nonsacred
spirit medium
channel ancestral spirits
hosho
percussion played with mbira
hosho
fast three beat rattle
Thomas Mapfumo
Shona guitar player
mbube
traditional zulu dance
Joseph Shabalala
1985 met with paul simon and 1986 formed “graceland” album. direct lady smith black mambazo