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Modest Musorgsky
Orchestrated by Maurice Ravel
from Pictures at an Exhibition
Imitates a promenade |
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Musorgsky
from Pictures at an Exhibition
Ostinato, art imitates nature |
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Musorgsky
from Pictures at an Exhibition
Goldenberg and Schmuyle: Two Jews, Rich and Poor
Imitates Eastern/Yiddish music, representation w/ low strings and high trumpets of two people |
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Musorgsky
from Pictures at an Exhibition
Incorporates bells from gate, Pilgrims’ hymn |
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George Frideric Handel
from Messiah
Incorporates monophony, homophony, and polyphony |
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Johannes Brahms
Strophic form (verses; different sets of words to the same music) |
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| Variations on Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star |
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Theme and variations form |
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Joseph Haydn
Symphony No. 94, The “Surprise” Symphony
Second movement, Andante
Binary Form
AB
Sforzando |
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Pyotr Illych Tchaikovsky
Dance of the Reed Pipes from The Nutcracker
Ternary Form
ABA
A is major with pizzicato; B is minor with ostinato |
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Jean-Joseph Mouret
Rondeau from Suite de symphonies
Rondo form
(ABABA) or ABACA or (ABACABA) |
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Barbara Strozzi
Aria, I want to die: Part I
Basso continuo: Harpsichord, guitar, and viola da gamba |
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Giovanni Gabrieli
Motet, In the Churches
Doctrine of affections
Terraced dynamics |
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Claudo Monteverdi
Orfeo
Toccata
Announces the beginning fo the opera; not thematically tied to the production
Trumpet fanfare, repeated 3 times to set a grand stage |
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| Act II, Recitative, “At the bitter news,” and Arioso, “Thou art dead” |
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Claudio Monteverdi
Orfeo
Act II, Recitative, “At the bitter news” and Arioso, “Thou art dead”
Recitative and Arioso |
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| Act III, Aria, “Powerful spirit” (strophes 1 and 2 only) |
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Claudio Monteverdi
Orfeo
Act III, Aria, “Powerful spirit” (strophes 1 and 2 only)
Aria |
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Henry Purcell
Dido and Aeneas
Aria, “When I am laid in earth”
Basso ostinato
Brief recitative and aria |
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| Trio Sonata in C major, Opus 4, No. 1 |
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Arcangalo Corelli
Trio Sonata in C major, Opus 4, No. 1
walking bass
instrumental chamber music
Sonata Form; Trio (2 instruments + basso continuo)
2 violins, cello, and harpsichord |
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Antonio Vivaldi
Violin Concerto in E major, Opus 8, No. 1 (“The Spring”) First movement, Allegro
art music becomes classical pops
program music
ritornello |
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Johann Sebastian Bach
Organ Fugue in G minor
fugue: subject, exposition, episodes |
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| Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D major |
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Johann Sebastian Bach
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D major, First movement
Concerto Grosso: ritornello form, polyphonic texture |
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| Cantata, Awake, a Voice Is Calling, First movement |
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Johann Sebastian Bach
Huge choral fantasy
Free polyphony
Ritornello (orchestral refrain like concerto form) |
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| Awake, a Voice Is Calling, Fourth movement |
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Johann Sebastian Bach
Free polyphony
Walking bass
3-part fabric: melody, chorale, walking bass
Orchestral ritornello |
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| Awake, a voice Is Calling, Seventh movement |
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Johann Sebastian Bach
Verse #3 of chorale
Homophony
Hymn
Congregation joins in |
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George Frideric Handel
from Water Music
Compound ternary
Minuet (ABAABB), Trio (CD), Minuet (AB)
Orchestral dance suite |
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George Frideric Handel
from Water Music
Dance suite
Binary (triple meter, major key)
ABABAB |
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| “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion” |
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George Frideric Handel
Aria, “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion” from Messiah
Oratorio
Da capo (ternary) aria |
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Doctrine of affections
Baso continuo
Idiomatic writing for instruments
Melodic sequence
vocal homophony and instrumental polyphony
terraced dynamics |
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| one mood per piece, movement, or large section |
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bass instrument
harmony instrument
figured bass |
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New thing: solo singing
libretto, stile rappresentativo (split into aria and recitative)
recitative (secco [dry] or accompagnato)
aria
arioso |
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instrumental chamber music
(3)-4 movements
Trio sonata: 2 treble instruments + basso continuo (Corelli)
Solo sonata: keyboard OR instrument + basso continuo |
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competition between orchestra and soloist
solo concerto & concerto grosso
Concertino: soloist & basso continuo
Tutti: everyone: soloists, orchestra, basso continuo
Ritornello: orchestral refrain
3 movements: fast slow fast |
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Bach, Handel
Dramatic power, broad gestures, complex counterpoint, opulent instrumental color, great technical solidarity and maturity |
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organist
Weimar, Cothen, Leipzig |
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| allemande, sarabande, courante, gigue |
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