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Classical & operatic influence
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Reject status quo, working class, individualism
Started in England, moved to Los Angeles (probably because of Van Halen)
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Iron Maiden
Black Sabbath
Led Zeppelin
Deep Purple
Alice Cooper
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Came from Punk
Fast drumming
Slayer, Metallica, Megadeath
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Started as Heavy Metal, changed to light metal
1980s
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New in the 1970s
Crime, negative things, suggestive content
Bronx, NY
Graffiti, break dancing, hip-hop
Poetry most important, then beat
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Latin influence – from Jamaica
One of original Hip-Hop artists
Started using records/turntables as an instrument
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Created/perfected art of spinning & scratching w/turntables
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precursor to rap
civil rights movement
took speech/poetry & had musical background
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| Lightening Rod/Last Poets |
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talked about his experiences in jail
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owned Sugar Hill Recors
started Sugar Hill Gang, “Rapper’s Delight”
came up with term “Rap”
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came from middle class, college educated
wanted to be Kings of Rock – also a song
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up to now rap was a black genre
1st white rap group
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supported Black Nationalism
very confrontational
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picked up constructive cases
considered “mature rapper” compared to others
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popular in 90s
wanted to be next Michael Jackson
sellout to some
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White rapper
opened for MC Hammer, eventually outsold him
got in trouble for stealing from other writers
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PMRC
Parents Music Resource Center
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lead by Tipper Gore
objected to lyrics, sexual content, violence
music industry fought beack – eventually self-monitor & label
senate hearings about censoring music
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Madonna’s “Justify My Love”
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song written in reaction to Rodney King beating
led to boycott of Time Warner
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“Move Somethin”
arrested for obscene music
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Death Row – enemies with Bad Boy (Biggie & Puff)
“Hit em up” – insulted Biggie’s wife
September 7, 1996 – Tupac killed in drive-by shooting
March 1997 – Biggie shot
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e.g.. Royal wedding, Charlie Sheen
Music industry (or Hollywood) are behind it
Promote one superstar artist rather than several
With right agent & promoters mediocre artist can be a star
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Started in Seattle
Large student population
Strong support for music in the city
Local radio stations played alternative music
-KJET, KCMU, also 2 local periodicals
Repeat of what happened in the ‘50s
-As soon as artists started to prove themselves popular, big labels
started signing them
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Put own spin on hard rock style
Influenced by punk
Reacted against virtuosity
Created Grunge – interested in distortion
Songs slow, lyrics very dark
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small label that supported the Grunge movement
founded by Bruce Pavitt & Jonathan Poneman
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Kurt Cobain was lead – didn’t care for fame
-Had own genius though he used emotional contrast, tremendous emotional
range w/i songs
influenced by Punk & Heavy Metal, Sonic Youth & Leadbelly
“Smells Like Teen Spirit”
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progressive musically & politically – active in environment, social, etc
“Losing My Religion” – banned in Ireland
-Claim it’s about unrequited love
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MudHoney
Smashing Pumpkins
Alice in Chains
Nirvana
Pearl Jam
R.E.M.
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| Development of Large Festivals |
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in 80s promoters didn’t try to cross lines w/audiences & genres
in Europe – started experimenting w/ putting things together that wouldn’t normally go together
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toured 21 cities, yearly event
featured Rap, Metal, Alternative
millions attended
supposed to be festival for alternative music – different genres together
by 1993 – corporate sponsorships, started to go mainstream
-Alternative Nation created to get back to alternative roots
2010 included Lada Gaga…not alternative.
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Involved in Lollapalooza
Wrote song “Hurt” – covered by Johnny Cash
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Acid Rock – very few chords
influenced by Metal & Rap
also on original Lollapalooza tour
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combine Hip-Hop, Thrash, Rock, etc
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influenced by Patti Smith, John Cage
1st record in 1981 – ignored by NY Press
1984 – tour of England
-equipment malfunction –> destroyed instrument –> huge success
“Swimsuit Issue”
1995 – Lollapalooza
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Screaming Trees
Grunge, style inspired by Jimi Hendrix, sludge guitar style
Living Color
Started as alternative group, went mainstream & did well
Faith No More
“We Care A Lot”
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Country
concerts had “arena rock” feel
challenge accepted norms in Nashville
“We Shall Be Free” – Gospel/Blues influence
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Country, Canadian
husband producer for Heavy Metal groups
stardom started before she toured – uncommon
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Teen Idols – popular with girls, not so much boys
not the best musicians
Victoria Beckham!
management made them stars, not talent
“Wannabe”
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1) “Walk This Way” with Run DMC
2) Columbia Records offered them $30 Million
-inspired by Creedence Clearwater Revival
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Electronic dance music
heavy on synthesizers & very heavy beat
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from Chicago
credited with starting Techno
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European
brought Techno back to the States
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started in 90s
Woodstock ’99 antithesis to previous Woodstock
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Limp Bizkit
Vanilla Ice – turned to Rage Rock after he was a rapper
System of a Down – real message with the rage
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1999 – year of the Latino musicians (population growing)
Ricky Martin
“La Vida Loca” – Latin beat, Spanish lyrics in it
-maintained “sexy” image, comes out of the closet later
Jennifer Lopez
-played Selena in movie “Selena”
-Queen of Tejano Music
-Killed
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festival for woman artists
more than 60 women
started in reaction to “guy” festivals like Lollapalooza
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