Sony Walkman
personal tape player
Boombox
larger portable tape player
CD
the first one went on sale in 1983 and surpassed vinyl record by 1988
MTV
stood for music television, became the preferred way of releasing a new song or act
Analog recording/digital recording
changed the sounds to 0s and 1s
synthesizers
device allowing you to synthesize sounds
digital samplers
capable of storing both prerecorded and synthesized sounds
digital sequences
devices that record musical data rather than musical sound and enable
drum machines
performers strum and activate drum pads triggering the production of sampled sounds
Michael Jackson, Thriller
short movie like music video, appealed to a very large audience
Moonwalk
In May 1983, Jackson appeared on the television special 25 Years of Motown and introduced this dance while performing “Billie Jean” from Thriller.
Bruce Springsteen, Born in the USA
rebellious rock’n’roller, songs reflected his working class origins
E Street Band
performed with Bruce Springsteen
Paul Simon, Graceland
controversial album he recorded in South Africa
Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Paul Shabalala
Homeless,” in which both the words (in Zulu and English) and the music were co-written by Simon and Joseph Shabalala of Ladysmith Black Mambazo
Kenny Rogers
Lady, The Gambler
Eurythmics
Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This), Here Comes the Rain Again
Tina Turner
What’s Love Have to Do With It, Proud Mary
Van Halen
Jump, You Really Got Me
Peter Gabriel
Sledgehammer, In Your Eyes
Michael Jackson
Beat It, Billie Jean
Bruce Springsteen
Born in the USA, Cover Me
Paul Simon
You Can Call Me Al, Homeless
Madonna
Like a Virgin, Material Girl
Prince
Purple Rain, When Doves Die
Whitney Houston
I Will Always Love You, I Wanna Dance With Somebody
Lionel Richie
All Night Long, Three Times a Lady
Pat Benatar
Hit Me With Your Best Shot, Love is a Battlefield
Hip-Hop
mid 1980’s saw rap come into the main stream
Def Jams
cofounded in 1984 by Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin, picked up where sugar hill records left off
MTV Raps
in 1988 MTV launced the first show dedicated to hip-hop
The Source
largest selling music periodical, was dedicated to hip-hop
Gangsta rap
Chronicled the dilemmas faced by urban communities from a first-person, present-tense viewpoint
Death Row Records
West coast record label for gangsta rappers
Bad Boy Records
East coast record label for gangsta rappers
Techno
up-tempo repetitive, electric dance music. Developed in NY, Chicago and Detroit
Raves
parties where techno music was mainly played, included people using drugs like ecstasy
House music
developed in Chicago, mainly instrumentals developed around the country and world
Alternative music
an alternative to TV, radio, record stores etc.
Alternative rock
In 1992, the commercial breakthrough for this genre was achieved by Nirvana, a band from the Pacific Northwest
Indie rock/underground rock
The most bands of this genre in the 1980s were R.E.M. (formed in 1980 in Athens, Georgia) and New York’s Sonic Youth (formed in New York City in 1981).
Hardcore
extreme variation of punk, by bands in San Francisco; screaming lyrics or a wall of guitar chords.
Slam dancing, mosh pit
audience members pushed their way to the front of the stage, smashed into one another and occasional climbed up on stage diving off into the crowd
Thrash
blended the fast tempos and rebellious attitude of hardcore with the technical virtuosity of heavy metal guitar playing
Speed metal
not as hard or fast, superstars like Metallica, anthrax etc.
Grunge rock
subgenre of alternative rock, fusion of punk, alternative and heavy metal
World music/world beat
replacement for “traditional music” The influence of American pop traveled across the world to many different countries
Juju
African Urban pop
Bhangara
Pakistani dance club music
Aboriginal rock
Australian Aboriginal rock music (the band Yothu Yindi)
Qawwali
Khan was a leading performer of qawwali, a genre of mystical
singing practiced by Sufi Muslims in Pakistan and India
Run D.M.C.
Walk This Way (With Aerosmith), It’s Tricky
Beastie Boys
(You Gotta) Fight Fur Your Right (to Party), Brass Monkey
Public Enemy
Don’t Believe the Hype, Night of the Living Baseheads
M.C. Hammer
U Can’t Touch This, Too Legit to Quit
Snoop Doggy Dog
What’s My Name, Young Wild & Free
LL Cool J
I Need Love, Headsprung
Tone-Loc
Wild Thing, Funky Cold Medina
Queen Latifah
U.N.I.T.Y., Ladies First
Moby
Porcelain, Bodyrock
R.E.M.
Losing My Religion, Stand
Dead Kennedys
Holiday in Cambodia, California Uber Alles
Nirvana
Smells Like Teen Spirit, In Bloom
Ani DiFracio (alternative folk)
Not a Pretty Girl, Wishin’ and Hopin’
Lauryn Hill (alternative hip-hop)
Doo Wop (That Thing), Ex-Factor
K.D. Lang (alternative country)
Constant Craving, Nowhere to Stand
Gloria Estefan
Conga, Rhythm is Gonna Get You
Selena
Coma la Flor, Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
King Sunny Ade
Ja Funmbi, Somba/E Falaba Lewe
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
The Face of Love (with Eddie Vedder)
Celine Dion
Where Does My Heart Beat Now?, My Heart Will Go On
Janet Jackson
Feedback, If
Mariah Carey
One Sweet Day (with Boyz II Men), Obsessed
Shania Twain
Forever and For Always, Man! I Feel Like a Woman
Garth Brooks
Friends in Low Places, The Thunder Rolls
Music and Identity
whites fascination with African American music
Race and Ethnicity
the fact that the was “black” and “white” music. A way of classifying humans into racial categories
Sexuality and Gender
different stereotypes for men and women found in music
Class distinctions
the expression of working, middle, and upper class shown in music
Generational identity
the creation of new styles, popular music plays an important role in creating youth cultures
Technology
phonograph to radio to electric microphone to sound film to magnetic tape recording and long-playing disc to FM radio
Clear Channel, vertical integration
when one company had control over all facets of the business ie. Radio, tv, clubs, billboards etc
MP3.com
digital file compression system, allows sound files to be compressed to 1/12th their original size.
Napster
internet based software program that allowed computer users to share and swap files, music, through a centralized file server
Peer-to-peer
include Grokster, Morpheus and Kazaa. They claim to be exempt from copy right laws because in a peer-to-peer network there is no central server
Apple computer, iPod, iTunes
iPod was launched in 2001 and iTunes was launched in 2003
Myspace
launched in 2003, musicians made recording available on MySpace pages but later sued for copyright infringements
Youtube
launched in 2005 which allows you to watch videos and listen to music for free