allegro
fast, quick (cheerfully, merrily)
andante
walking tempo
moderato
moderate tempo
vivace
quickly, lively
ppp pianississimo
very, very soft
fff fortississimo
very, very loud
sf sfz fz sforzando
a sudden, sharp accent
sequence
repeating a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pictch, often a 2nd or 3rd above or below
cadence
the chords that end a phrase or section of a composition
authentic cadence
the harmonic progression V (Dominant) to I (Tonic)
half cadence
the harmonic progression that ends on V (Dominant)
plagal cadence
the harmonic progression IV (Subdominant) to I (Tonic)