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The study of how we
perceive sound |
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| The fleshy outer part (outer ear)
-Gathers Sound
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-Encodes Directional Info |
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Commonly called the ear
canal. (outer ear)
• Protects the ear.
• Amplifies Frequencies
from 2.5kHz to 4kHz. |
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| Tympanic Membrane (part): |
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| The Ear Drum (outer ear)
• Vibrates when
agitated by acoustic
energy
• Starts the chain
reaction of auditory
information. |
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| The three smallest bones in the human body. (middle ear)
• Attach to the
Tympanic Membrane
on one side and the
Cochlea on the other.
• Function like a lever
to increase the sound
pressure on the
Cochlea.
• In rare instances the
muscles around the
ossicles will constrict the
movement to protect
against high SPLs. |
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| (middle ear)
1)Maleus
(mallet)
2)Incus (Anvil)
3)Stapes
(stirrup) |
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A fluid filled
organ about the size of
your pinky nail.(inner ear)
Contains two fluid
filled chambers and
the Basilar Membrane/
Organ of Corti. |
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Runs down the center of the
two chambers and
transmits the vibrations
of the fluid to the Organ
of Corti. (inner ear) |
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Gelatinous Mass which
contains the hair cell
(Stereo-cilia) which
transduce the acoustic
energy into electrical
energy in the nervous
system. |
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A section of stereo-cilia
responsible for
transducing a specific
frequency band. |
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Stress or damaged
induced ringing in the
ears which generally
affects the middle and
upper range of hearing. |
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Interaural Level
Difference |
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| • “Sound Shadow”
• The dB difference
between sound arriving
at the left ear versus the
right ear.
• Functions above 500Hz,
but doesn’t become
excellent until 3000Hz. |
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Phase difference
between ears
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• 13ms resolution.
• Functions below
1500Hz.
• Room reflections can
interfere. |
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• Head Related Transfer
Function
• The scattering of
frequencies based on
anatomy.
• Filtering patterns are
common below 6000Hz,
but are listener
dependent above said
frequency. |
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The amplitude
of one sound hides a
second sound.
Synchronous or
Temporal. Partially
related to Critical Band
overlap. |
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We
hear frequencies which are
not actually present because
our brains synthesize it in the presence of harmonics |
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| • Precedence Effect
• Sound from two
separate sources is
perceived as arriving
from only the first
source if the time
difference is ≤ 40ms
even if the second
source is louder than the
first. |
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Our ability to focus
listening attention on a
single sound in a group.
We can easily sort out a
conversation at a
cocktail party, but we
can’t teach a computer
to do it. |
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Listen
to the motion of the sine
tone as it plays relative
to the other sound.
Discovered by Diana
Deutsch. |
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