Alleluia, O Virga Mediatrix

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Composer: Hildegard Von Bingen (earliest female composer)

  • Ternary form (ABA)
  • Sacred
  • monophonic (0ne voice)
  • Genre: CHANT
  • Mellismatic setting on: Alleluia
  • Middle Ages


 

 

 

 

Gaude Maria Virgo

Composer: unknown Notre Dame School

  • Highly mellismatic
  • acapella (just voices)
  • notated polyphony
  • GENRE: organum
  • Middle Ages

 

 

 

Kalenda Maya

Composer: Rainbaut de Vaqueiras

  • Genre: Troubador Song (courtly love)
  • secular music
  • instrumental
  • CD-polyphonic piece
  • From quadruple to triple meter
  • Middle Ages
  • Strophic form-repetive phrases



 

 

 

 

Puis qu’en oubli

Composer: Machaut

Genre: Chanson

  • secular
  • about an unhappy relationship
  • ARS Nova: things become more complex
  • 3 voices
  • polyphony

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Ave Maria

Composer: Josquin

  • Genre: Motet
  • Still polyphony (imitative polyphony)
  • (REPEATS THE SAME PHRASE)
  • homorhythm- all the voices have the same rhythm
  • The Renaissance-Sacred
  • sacred music


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Pope Marcellus Mass: Gloria

Composer: Palestrina

  • monophonic intro to the piece
  • Alternation of homorrhythm and polyphonic textures
  • The Renaissance-Sacred

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Ecco Mormorar l’onde

Composer: Monteverdi

  • Genre: Italian Madrigal
  • subtle and nuanced word pronouncing
  • High quality poetry
  • waves, trembling leaves, birds singing
  • The Renaissance

 

 

 

 

Fair Phyllis

Composer: Farmer

  • Genre: English Madrigal
  • The Renaissance-Secular
  • not so subtle word painting
  • pastoral setting
  • light and playful theme
  • coded eroticism

 

 

 

Dido and Aeneas

Composer: Purcell

  • excerpt begins with short recitative
  • Recitative: plot advances, often rapid, light instrumentation, little if no repetition.
  • Baroque Period
  • Aria has a special feature, ostinato and ground bass
  • Aria: plot stops;emotion
  • Fuller use of orchestra at the end
  • slower dramatic speech, declamation

 

 

 

 

Messiah

 

 

Composer: Handel

  • Genre: oratorio
  • oratorio-sacred theme for opera
  • unstaged, no costumes
  • 2-4hrs long
  • 3 acts-christmas story, easter story, redemption of the world through faith
  • Baroque Period

 

 

 

“A Mighty Fortress is Our God”

Composer: Bach

  • Genre: Church Cantada
  • between 15-30 minutes long
  • church chorales, used in mass services

 

 

 

 

 

    Bach – “Little” Fugue in G minor for organ, BWV 578

 

Composer: Bach

  • Genre: Organ Fugue
  • 4-voice limitation (SATB)
  • What to listen for? opening melody in soprano, followed by alto, tenor, then bass
  • Carefully controlled imitative polyphony
  • Baroque era

 

 

 

 

Spring: First Movement

Composer: Vivaldi

  • Each has three movements
  • Allegro (fast), Largo(slow), Allegro(fast)

 

 

 

Pitch


The perceived highness or lowness of a sound resulting from the frequency of the waves vibration.

 

 

 

 

rhythm

The controlled movement of sound over time

 

 

 

 

melody

A melody is a sucession of single pitches perceived by the mind as a larger unit (essentually a tune) so you have some high pitch sound and low pitch sound=tune

 

 

 

 

 

meter (quadruple, triple, duple)

triple=waltz quadruple=four beats in a measure, triple=three beats and so forth

 

 

 

 

Contour/range

Contour: moves up and down range: the span of pitches

 

 

 

 

Strings

main section of orchestra sound creation=vibration of songs. Bowed strings=violin, viola, cello, souble bass

 

 

 

 

Arco

playing the instrument with a bow

 

 

 

Pizzicato

plucking the strings of the instrument

 

 

 

Woodwinds

Flute/piccolo, oboe/English horn, clarinet/bass clarinet , bassoon/contrbassoon, saxomophone

 

 

 

timbre

sound or tone color

 

 

 

brass

trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba,

sound production=vibration of air

 

 

 

percussion

 

 

pitched:timfani, xylophone, celesta, glockenspiel, bells, chimes

unpitched: share, bass drum, cumbols, triangle, tambourine, cowbell

 

 

 

 

Organ

Pipe organ

 

 

 

 

 

Harpsichord

sound produced by mechanically plucking strings

 

 

 

 

Piano

invented by bartolomeo critoforic.

expressive: key pressure affects dynamic level

 

 

 

Orchestra

performance with woodwinds, brass, and percussion

 

 

 

 

String Quartet

chamber music ensemble, consisting of two violins, two violas, or two violins , two cellos, and so forth

 

 

 

 

 

 

Woodwind quintet

clarinet, flute, oboe, bassoon, horn

 

 

 

 

 

Brass Quintet

two trumpets, horns, tronbone, tuba