| CD 1 Track 8 – Duel Song; Inuit drum dance |
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ARCTIC
1) heterophonic
2) membranophone
3) community decides winner
4) men only
5) vocables and text
6) drum pattern Long Long Short Long
7) varying tempo |
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| CD 1 Track 9 – I’m So Happy; Inuit drum dance |
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1) Homophonic
2) Membranophone – hit on rim
3) Inuit drum dance
4) strophic
5) small range
6) duple
7) vocables
8) Man learned song while hunting and taught it to woman |
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| CD 1 Track 10 – Sayuun; Inuit Drum Dance Song |
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1) vocables
2) white gloves
3) men only
4) monophonic singing
5) purpose: telling stories and entertainment
6) sporadic accents |
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| CD 1 Track 11 – Nirdlirayartak; Inuit Throat Singing |
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1) aerophone
2)inhaling & exhaling to create sound
3) purpose entertainment and warm up
4) only women
5) rhythm is created by interlocking parts |
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Subarctic
CD 1 Track 13 – Tea Dance (Dogrib) |
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1) acapella
2) vocal pulsations
3) purpose to honor the caribou
4) duple meter
5) vocables |
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Northwest Coast
CD 1 Track 14 – Lawisala (Hamatsa)(Kwakiutl) |
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1) begins with man’s yell and tremolo
2) duple
3) uses log drum & rattles
4) accents before each section change
5) small range |
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| CD 1 Track 15 – Drinking Song (Haida) |
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1) monophonic
2) vocal pulsations
3) vocables & text
4) strophic
5) slow tempo
6) duple meter |
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Great Basin
CD 1 Track 18 – Bear Dance Song (Ute) |
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1) monophonic solo
2) vocables
3) duple
4) steady tempo kept by pulsations
5) uses a rasp to help keep beat
6) song form is AAB (high to low) |
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| CD 1 Track 19 – Sun Dance (Ute) |
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1) duple meter
2) steady beat
3) uses whistle made out of eagle bone
4) Monophonic
5) AAB (high to low)
6) vocables |
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Southwest
CD 2 Track 1 – The Sacred Moon is Right Before Us Again (Navajo) |
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1) sporadic tempo and transitions into steady tempo
2)duple
3) monophonic
4) native text
5) uses rattles |
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| CD 2 Track 2 – Yeibichai (Nightway Song) (Navajo) |
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1) high range, where men sing in their falsettos
2) uses rattles
3) duple meter
4) vocables
5) monophonic
6) call & response
7) vocal pulsation
8) purpose: healing |
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| CD 2 Track 3 – Mountain Spirit Dance (Apache) |
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1) begins with water drum
2) uses sleigh bells
3) structured into AB form
4) only men
5) duple meter
6) imitating owl
7) steady drum tempo |
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Women choose men to dance
Jelly or nah?
“We aren’t alone”
1st day of spring
sharing resources
rasp imitates thunder/bear growl
puberty
vocables: “Ya heya”
High to low |
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Standing thirsty
4 day fast
community participation
central pole that people stand around
sponsored by a person in crisis that needs power
extreme physical torture
eagle bone whistle
interview with Jimmy Dick |
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tell story
sync mvmt
line of oldest to youngest |
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round dance/caribou/friendship
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to remember and be thankful for ______
“water” or “land-earth-sky-water-everything”
energetic steps
6 hours-all night
move in clockwise circle
purpose: honor caribou |
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Navajos
9 day ceremony
Sand Paintings: put sick person on it and heal them
Teams rehearse
Clowns try to mess up teams
People purify themselves before |
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Coming of age: girl becoming a woman
Paint her white: white shell woman
On pure ground
Host: medicine man
4: sacred number – cross
4 stages of life: infancy, adolescence, maturity, old age
3 days:
1. Purify girls and dancers
2. Majority of dancing
3. More dancing – only text |
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Secret society of cannibals
Bakbak: maneater, flew down to eat man
Man was sent to forest to become like Bakbak–comes back to show that he can overcome it after 4 rounds of singing
different masks to represent Bakback
3 different raven masks
1-raven eating human eyes
2-sucking out brains
3-producing great human fear |
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Great Basin
Wevoka: N. Paiute medicine man creates this
restores life before the white man came to America
forbidden after Wounded Knee because the stories couldn’t be proven
Native americans don’t feel welcome in North. America |
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ceremony: people give away everything
celebrate marriage
idea: good chief dies poor
banned in 1800 |
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ancestors of pueblo’s spirits
people dress up like it (only men)
doll
educate the right way to live
(clowns are opposite)
take prayers to people |
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| ceremonial room for Pueblo people |
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| Any Origin Story (Very General) |
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| Raven, Eagle, Wolf, Killer Whale
tell you who you can marry
matriarchal
no written language
totem poles |
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chewing drug to get high
believe it will bring healing
the sacred moon is right before us |
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long/slow periods
eskimo: ears of raw flesh
inuit: snowshoe netter
songs are powerful; good luck for hunting
Instruments: drum w/ wooden handle & jaw harp
style: repetitive, monophonic, small range
structure: strophic syllabic
purpose: pass time, keep warm, settle disputes, celebration, competition
song comp: men create while hunting alone and teach to women
dance steps: upper body motion
unique: throat singing, taliun, sayuun
seal stomach drums |
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Dogrib: woman bore dogs
Handkerchief/Hand games
get together annually |
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Instruments: Rasp, whistle, bass drum
Singing style: repition, higher pitches, monophonic
Song structure: AAB, paired phrases
purpose: spring, puberty, crisis
Composition: comes from spirits
Dance steps: women choose men, dance like a bear
Unique: rasp
UTE: Land of Sun
NAture based identities
Polygamous |
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Instruments: log drum, rattle, whistle
Singing style: monophonic (except hamatsa)
Structure: Strophic, ABABA
Purpose: potlatch, exorcism, drinking, everything
Composition: spiritual sources
Dance steps: not much, except hamatsa
Unique: potlatch, hamatsa, wealthy, production
complex melodies with chromatic intervals
polyphony
whistles/rattles/log drums |
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Sim. to NW Coast
Art and Development
-plenty of resources
Influenced from Plains and Spanish
-horses
-roman Catholicism
Tribes: Hopi, Navajo, Apache
Good Irrigation: Forests, deserts, mesas
Corn, beans, squash, cotton
sheep herding
clay pottery, turquoise, woven blankets
beadwork, papoose |
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| Adobe: ladders provide defense |
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Receive songs from ancestors (guardian spirits, perhaps while dreaming)
Sweat songs request purification: pain relief, hunting success
Influenced by other regions
Theme: endurance to obtain power
Songs: Individual or community owned |
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