Ad organum faciendum

 

 

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Anonymous treatise (ca. 1100), which describes how to sing or compose organum.

 

 

 

Aquitanian polyphony

  • Ornate style of polyphony
  • Includes settings of chants (i.e. sequences, Benedicamus Domino melodies, and solo portions of responsorial chants)
  • Contained two styles: Discant and florid

 

 

 

Ars Subtilior

Style of polyphony from the late-1300s in southern France and northern Italy, distinguished by extreme complexity in rhythm and notation.

 

 

Ars nova

  • 1300 – France
  • style of polyphony
  • new system of rhythmic notation that allowed duple or triple division of note values, syncopation, flexibility
  • associate with: Philippe de Vitry

 

 

 

 

Boethius

  • ca. 500; Roman philosopher
  • translated quadrivium (liberal arts: arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy)
  • authored De institutione musica libri quinque – 
    • 1. Musica mundana — music of the spheres/world
      2. Musica humana — harmony of human body and spiritual harmony
      3. Musica instrumentalis — instrumental music (incl. human voice)
      4. Musica divina — music of the gods

 

 

 

Charlemagne

  • 768-814; Holy Roman Emperor
  • father Pepin sought to impose a common liturgy and body of music to consolidate his kindgom – son Charlemagne continued policy of having singers from Rome import chant to northern territories (modern-day France, Belgium, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, and northern Italy)

 

 

 

Church Calendar

  • dates throughout the year, which are chosen to commemorate saints and feasts
  • i.e. Christmas, Easter (Advent, Lent)

Francesco Landini

  • Italian composer; 1325-1397
  • leading composer of ballata
  • mixture of Italian and French taste and technique
  • composed only secular music

 

 

 

Franconian (mensural) notation

  • new system from Ars cantus mensurabilis; c.1280
  • Franco of Cologne

Gregorian chant
Guido of Arezzo
Guillaume de Machaut
Hildegard of Bingen
Liber usualis
Liberal Arts
Leonin
Magnus liber organi
Minnelieder
Musica enchiriadis
Notre Dame polyphony
Office
Petronian motet
Proper & Ordinary of the Mass
Perotin
The eight church modes
Trecento
antiphon
clausula (pl. clausulae)
courtly love
ethos/doctrine of imitation
formes fixes
heighted neumes
isorhythmic motet
jubilus
liturgy
madrigal (XIV Century)
mode, time, prolation
musica mundana, musica humana, musica instrumentalis
organum
organum duplum
perfection
polyphonic conductus
principal voice, organal voice
psalms
rhythmic modes
superius
syllabic, neumatic, melismatic
trope
troubadour
trouvere