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| a generic term for orchestral introductions to Italian operas in the 17th century, similar to an overture; eventually developed into the symphony |
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| a curved line above or below two ro more notes of different pitch; indicates that the pitches slurred together should be performed smoothly in a legato style |
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| singing pitches by the syllables do, re, mi, fa, so, la and ti; used in learning to read notation by sight |
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| an instrumental composition for a solo instrument or a solo instrument with accompaniment; usually in 3 or 4 movements |
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| sonata form (or sonata-allegro form) |
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| usually the form of the first movement in a sonata or symphony; consists of 3 main sections (exposition, development, recapitulation) and may have an introduction and a coda |
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| a woman’s high singing voice |
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| Italian: ” in a singing style” |
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| a bowing technique on stringed instruments in which the bow is bounced across the strings |
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| a religious folk song; often pentatonic |
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| short, separated playing or singing; indicated by a dot above or below each note |
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| the five lines and four spaces upon which notes and rests are placed |
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| in theme and variations form, the opening presentation of the theme |
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| Italian: “moving more quickly” |
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| 1. the way in which a composition is performed 2. the features of a period of music history |
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| 1. the fourth note of a scale 2. a three-note chord having the fourth note of a scale as its root |
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| the main theme in a fugue |
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| 1. a set of pieces taken from a larger composition such as a ballet 2. a set of contrasting instrumental pieces |
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| symphonic poem (or tone poem) |
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| a programmatic, one-movement work for orchestra, inpsired by an extramusical idea |
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| a major work for orchestra, usually in four movements |
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| accenting a weak part of a beat or a weak beat in a measure |
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| an electronic device, usually with a keyboard similar to that of a piano, used to produce a variety of musical timbres |
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| a set of staves, joined by a vertical line along the lefthand margin or printed music, that are performed at the same time by various voices or instruments |
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| the speed of a piece of music; how quickly or slowly the pulse of a composition moves |
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| an Italian term instructing a musician to resume the original tempo after a tempo change in a composition |
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| a man’s high singing voice |
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| Italian: “held, sustained” |
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| a musical form consisting of 3 sections |
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| the result of combining melody and harmony in different ways, such as melody alone (monophony), two or more melodies together (polyphony), and melody with an accompaniment (homophony) |
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| a melody upon which a composition is based |
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| a composition in which the theme is played through and then is played in several different ways; for each variation, the composer changes the musical element of the theme |
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| the special sound of a particular instrument or voice |
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| a sign, usually at the beginning of a composition, that indicates the meter of a piece; the top number indicates how many pulses are in a measure, the bottom indicates what kind of note get one pulse |
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| the arrangement of a composition around a given tonic or key |
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| the characteristics of the tone produced by a certain voice or instrument, similar to timbre |
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| the arrangement of the twelve tones of a chromatic scale in a certain order; used as the basis for serial or twelve-tone compositions |
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| the first note of a scale; the note around which the melody is built; the home tone |
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| to write the same music in a different key by moving every pitch up or down the same interval |
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