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| THE SONG OF THE EARTH: The Drunkard in Spring |
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| MADAME BUTTERFLY: Un bel di |
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| The Rite of Spring (opening) |
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| PIERROT LUNAIRE: Valse de Chopin |
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| Symphony no. 5 (4th movement) |
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| CONCERTO FOR ORCHESTRA: Interrupted Intermezzo |
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| BLACK ANGELS: Danse macabre |
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| SATYAGRAHA: Kuru Field of Justice |
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THE GARDEN OF COSMIC SPECULATION:
Garden of the Senses Suite: Allemande |
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| the trend of “Realism” in late 19th century Italian opera. Stories feature everyday characters in gritty circumstances, raw emotions, love/passion, betrayal, murder. |
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| Name 2 Italian composers and the operas they wrote at the beginning of verismo |
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| MASCAGNI (Rustic Chivalry) and LEONCAVALLO (The Strolling Players) |
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| Explain briefly the situation that inspired the aria in Madame Butterfly’s listening section and what the person is saying in the lyrics. |
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| Rodolfo introduces himself in great detail to Mimi, who then in a seperate aria, introduces herself |
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| Style of painting; French; 1870’s-early 20th century; a new kind of realism, usually outdoors, interested in the treatment of color and light |
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| Name three Impressionistic painters. |
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1. Van Gogh
2. Monet
3. Degas |
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| Give 3 technical ways in which Impressionism is done by a composer in music |
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1. Rhythm
2. Parallel chords
3. Unresolved dissonances |
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| Talk about Claude Debussy |
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| French; pianist, orchestral works, a lot of piano compositions, famous for “new” sounds in the piano/orchestra |
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| Give the name of Debussy’s most famous orchestral piece, and the author and style of the non-musical source that inspired that piece |
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| Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (inspired by the Symbolist poetry of Stephane Mallarme) |
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| Name 2 famous piano works by Debussy |
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1. Children’s Corner
2. Preludes (2 sets of 12; 1910 and 1913) |
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| What are 4 characteristics of 20th century music? |
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1. Significant use of dissonance (70%-100%)
2. Use of mixed media (music, dance, “performance art)
3. cross-cultural influences (East Indian, African, religious, etc.)
4. Conceptual approach to musical creativity |
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| German style of art, literature, music and theatre, late 19th/early 20th century. Subject matter often dark and disturbing; images/ideas of emotional distress, persecution, poverty, immorality, violence (domestic and social). |
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| a technique of “speech singing” that sounds abstract, almost unmelodic, using approximate pitches. Developed by Arnold Schoenberg (used in “Pierrot lunaire,” an Expressionistic work). |
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| chance music/performance (from Latin “alea” for dice). The composer gives the performer elements of the composition but the exact nature of the performance can be determined by the choices of the performers. |
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| a variety of non-musical materials (metal, glass, weather stripping, cloth — as specified by composer) are placed in/on the strings to obtain special non-traditional sounds from the instrument. |
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| style of composition that focuses on the use of musical patterns with little or no variation in rhythm, dynamics, instruments, tempo, mood. Effect can be almost trance-like (influence from Eastern Indian music). Term is also used to describe architecture, fashion, decor, cuisine. |
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| Give the name of Debussy’s most famous orchestral piece, and the author and style of the non-musical source that inspired that piece |
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| Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (inspired by the Symbolist poetry of Stephane Mallarme) |
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| Name 2 famous piano works by Debussy |
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1. Children’s Corner
2. Preludes (2 sets of 12; 1910 and 1913) |
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| What are 4 characteristics of 20th century music? |
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1. Significant use of dissonance (70%-100%)
2. Use of mixed media (music, dance, “performance art)
3. cross-cultural influences (East Indian, African, religious, etc.)
4. Conceptual approach to musical creativity |
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| German style of art, literature, music and theatre, late 19th/early 20th century. Subject matter often dark and disturbing; images/ideas of emotional distress, persecution, poverty, immorality, violence (domestic and social). |
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| a technique of “speech singing” that sounds abstract, almost unmelodic, using approximate pitches. Developed by Arnold Schoenberg (used in “Pierrot lunaire,” an Expressionistic work). |
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| chance music/performance (from Latin “alea” for dice). The composer gives the performer elements of the composition but the exact nature of the performance can be determined by the choices of the performers. |
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| a variety of non-musical materials (metal, glass, weather stripping, cloth — as specified by composer) are placed in/on the strings to obtain special non-traditional sounds from the instrument. |
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| style of composition that focuses on the use of musical patterns with little or no variation in rhythm, dynamics, instruments, tempo, mood. Effect can be almost trance-like (influence from Eastern Indian music). Term is also used to describe architecture, fashion, decor, cuisine. |
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| When was the premiere of The Rite of Spring and by who? |
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| Premiered 1913 in Paris by the Ballets Russes dance company |
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| Talk about PIERROT LUNAIRE (Moonstruck Pierrot) |
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| Based on 21 brief poems by Albert Giraud. Poems contain allusions to madness, alienation, uncertainty, and compulsion. |
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| What is Charles Ives’ philosophy about music? |
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| all kinds of music and musical experimentation are equally valid. The sincerity and quality of a musical composition or performance can often be more important than following rules of form or technique. |
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| What do the three groups of instruments represent in Charles Ives’ The Unanswered Question? |
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Strings represent “The Silence of the Druids”; very soft throughout, no change in tempo
Trumpet plays “The Unanswered Question of Existence”
Flutes/woodwinds “hunting” for the “Invisible Answer”; gradually more active, louder |
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| In Edgard Varese’s Ionization, what is the special distinction in this music? Name 2 traditional and 2 non traditional instruments used. |
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Focused on the use of new sound options including electronic elements, and the use of varying timbres
A) drums, piano
B) whip, siren |
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| What does the title Ionization mean? |
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| Refers to the ionization of molecules. |
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| What is Socialist Realism? |
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| Russia, 1922-1953, ruled by Stalin, governmental control of the creative art |
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| How did Social Realism affect artists? |
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| Artists in all fields were expected to put forth works that glorified Socialism and the party line of a happy, cooperative, and successful country where all citizens were unified to work for the greater good. |
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| How did Social Realism affect Shostakovich? |
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| Denounced by the government (objections to his work Lady Macbeth of Minsk), later his music was banned, he was forced to publicly repent and his family had certain ”privileges” withdrawn, and further periodic banning of his works. |
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| How did Social Realism affect Prokofiev? |
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| He was denounced by the authorities, his music being described by the authorities as “alien to the people” and containing “formalist perversions” (“formalist” meant “the artificial separation of form from content” but really just meant the music was too modern). He was made to apologize to the Central Committee, also stating that he would give up any interest in atonality. |
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| Hungarian, composer/pianist, many works feature Hungarian and regional folk music he collected and adapted |
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| Talk about Concerto for an Orchestra by Bartok |
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Concerto for Orchestra (written in 1944)
Commissioned 1943 by the Boston Symphony Orchestra
Song interrupted by rude noises, possibly the “rough, booted men” as Bartok described the Nazi invaders. |
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| What “non-traditional” playing skills does Terry Riley have and for what is he also famous as a performer? |
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composer, piano, tabla, tambura, voice
minimalist
Aleatoric style composition |
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| What are the aleatoric elements of In C? |
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| Composition using 53 musical phrases; phrases may be repeated any number of times. No set time duration. |
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| Talk about Philip Glass’ SATYAGRAHA |
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Title means “firmness of truth”
Mahatmas Gandhi is the focus role
Opera is about Mahatmas Gandhi as a young man in South Africa and his spiritual evolution to the principle of non-violence. Worked with others to get equal rights for Indians in South Africa. |
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| What are the two other pieces in Philip Glass’s trilogy? Who were the main people and why were they significant? |
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1. Einstein on the Beach – Albert Einstein as a historic figure, no actual plot
2. Akhnaten – ancient Egyptian ruler, began monotheism/worship of Sun/God |
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| What is the inspiration for the title of George Crumb’s work on your listening list? |
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| BLACK ANGELS: establishing the dark mood of Black Angels and introducing the primary death theme and Friday the 13th numerology. Inspired by Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No. 26. |
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| Give the location of the garden in The Garden of Cosmic Speculation; Name 3 topics that inspired the design of the garden. |
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Scotland; 1.the diversity of DNA
2. the birth and expansion of the universe
3. super string theory |
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| What older musical form did Michael Gandolfi use for the group of pieces that includes the one on the listening list? |
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| What older composer’s music is quoted in each section of this group of pieces from The Garden of Cosmic Speculation? |
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| Name 2 other sections in this group of pieces and what they are related to in humans. |
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Gigue (vision)
Chorale (the sixth sense: intuition) |
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