Pianissimo
Very quiet
Piano
Quiet
Mezzo piano
Quite quiet
Mezzo forte
Quite loud
Forte
Loud
Fortissimo
Very loud
Crescendo
Getting louder
Diminuendo
Getting quieter
Legato
Played smoothly
Staccato
Played detached
Andante
At a walking pace
Allegro
Fast
Moderato
Moderate speed
Ritenuto
Held back – slow down
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Repeat the music from the beginning
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Emphasise this note
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Getting louder
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Getting quieter