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developed after WWII
record sound on tape (traffic, talking, etc) and manipulate it
focuses on the abstract proprieties of sound, not what they are. |
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| Who invented music concrete? |
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| What was Poeme Electronique written for? |
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to accompany an exhibit by architect Le Corbusier at the 1958 World’s fair.
colored lights accompany the music played on 425 speakers “multimedia” |
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| WHo composed Poeme electronique? |
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| Certain elements are not specified my the composer and are left up to chance. |
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| What are sound masses and who created this idea? |
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-sound masses move through musical space and interact with each other.
-invented by Edgard Varese |
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| What is the Music of changes and who wrote them? |
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John Cage
in the book of changes “Ching” toss a coin six times to determine answer from a list of 64 possible outcomes
cage devised charts to determine musical elements through coin toses |
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| chance used as a compositional method |
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| Who was Gyorgy Ligeti and what musical technique was he responsible for? |
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hungarian composer
believed music is constantly in motion yet also static.
came up with Sound complexes |
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| What are sound complexes? |
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| pitches, chords or both that slowly change with time, blocks of sound |
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| Who composed Lux aetrena? |
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| What was Lux aeterna composed of? |
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| 16 solo singers and chorus |
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| What movie was Lux aeterna made famous by? |
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| Where was the text taken from for Lux aeterna? |
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emerged in music in the 1960s
use of very simple melodies and harmony repeated many times
focuses in on process |
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a philosopher turned composer
considered the father of minimalism |
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| Who composed Music for 18 Musicians? |
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| What was the instrumentation for Music for 18 Musicians? |
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4 voices singing nonsense syllables
cello
violin
2 clarinets
percussion
pianos
marimbas
xylophones
vibraphone |
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| Characteristics of Music for 18 musicians |
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Vibraphone cues changes in melodies and harmonies
12 connected sections with intro and conclusion |
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| What happens in the introduction for music for 18 musicians? |
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| the pulse and harmonies are established |
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| What happens in section one of Music for 18 musicians? |
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| melodic fragments are assembled into theme and then disassembled |
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Leading american composer today
first works were minimalist
later works electronic and influenced by many different musical styles and genres |
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| John Adams most famous operas? |
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| Nixon in China and Doctor Atomic |
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