Jazz is unique in…?
rhythm & improv
Jazz’s influences
Pop, R, Latin Music, Hip Hop
Syncopation
playing off (in front or behind) the beat
2 artists best known as being “straight-ahead” jazz
Miles Davis
&
John Coltrane
Blues format – what the letters mean, and how many bars
A-A-B-A
A=melody
B=bridge
typically 12 bars
Avant Garde
Mood variations, diverse rhythms, different sound quality
Rubato
No typical tempo form
Double-time, Half time
creates feeling that tempo has doubled/ cut in half, but it hasnt
Vamp
Beginning or end of song, repeated piece of music to intro or outro.
cadenza
flurry of notes
John Coltrane’s main instrument? what about “my favorite things?”
Tenor sax. Alto sax in my favorite things
Biggest jazz city TODAY
NYC
European model
Trumpet, trombone, sax, clarinet, tuba
Ostinato
repetition of riff/phrase
what is elvin jones known for?
polyrhythms. (played w/ John Coltrane)
Joe Venuti
Violin, NYC
F. Scott Fitzgerald
He called the 30’s the “jazz age”
Wrote the great gatsby
Jelly Roll Morton
Pianist/composer/bandleader – bridged ragtime with jazz
-piano phrasing more like a horn player
Earl Hines
Louis Armtstrong’s pianist, played very hard. chicago.
Fats Waller
stride pianist from NY
BoogieWoogie/ Scat style.
COuld write/compose on a moments notice
James P. Johnson
“Father of Stride Piano”
one of the first to broadcast live radio.
Louis Armstrong’s other names
Father of jazz, satchmo, pops
Nat Adderly & Thad Jones
known for using the cornet regularly
Bix Biederbecke
White trumpeter from Iowa, popular late 20’s, early 30’s
Lester Young (Prez)
saxophone, count basie’s band. light tone, slow vibrato
Sidney Bichet
clarinet/ sax, used “swooping” technique
Freddy Green
Guitarist for Count Basie. strokes on every beat. Defined basie’s rhythm section
Swing/ Big Band Era
Early 30’s – late 40’s
Gene Krupa
drummer, first to deviate from conservative approach 1941
slam stewart
bassist known for singing along with his playing
benny goodman
Clarinetist/ band leaders 30’s and 40’s. first interracial band
Roy Elridge
(30’s)Trumpeter, daring, played in high register, swooping patterns & scale-like lines
Coleman Hawkins
[20’s and 30’s]Sax, made the “foo foo” tone, deep husky. Featured soloist in Fletcher’s band.
Art Tatum
respected pianist. unpredictable, changed keys
Nat King Cole
pianist/ vocalist. 40’s. trio w/ piano guitar and bass
Erroll Garner
pianist in 50’s. played bass chords on every beat.
Mary Lou Williams
Pianist, Boogie woogie, 40’s wrote arrangements for goodman, gillespie, and ellington
Django Reinhardt
Belgian gypsy guitarist, played mostly in europe
Billie Holliday
singer “Lady Day” deep, emotional, 30’s & 40’s
Ella Fizgerald
Great scat singer, improvisor, “a tisket a tasket”, over 40 million records
tag
repeat last 4 bars, sustain final chord
Creoles
New orleans
white creoles: spanish/ french
black creoles: african/ french
well educated, spoke french.
Ragtime
new orleans 1800s preceded jazz
Louis Armstrong
Trumpeter, scat singer, new orleans
stride piano playing
left hand plays bass notes which alternates with right hand which plays mid range chords
Louis Bellson
first to use 2 bass drums