|
|
group improv
small groups (5-7
Tuba, snare, bass, trumpet, clarinet, Trombone.
No written music |
|
| Significant Dixieland players |
|
Sydney Bichet
Original Dixieland Jazz Band
Louie Armstrong
Buddy Bolden
Joe Oliver |
|
|
|
-Trumpet player
-The first person to become really virtuostic at Jazz. Puts the impetus on solo improv instead of group improv
-Lyrical solos
-also important as a singer, brings scat to Jazz |
|
|
|
-1930s-mid-40s
-2 sections, winds and rhythm
-wind: sax, trumpet, trombone (front)
-rhythm: piano, drumset, bass guitar, tuba, regular guitar (back)
-more written arrangements, less improv, more musicians |
|
|
|
| Different rhythmic feel-not played straight on the beat |
|
| Significant Big Band Musicians |
|
Count Basie
Glenn Miller
Benny Goodman
Duke Ellington
Louie Prima
Kenny Dorsey |
|
|
|
-Kansas City Swing Style
-lots of improv |
|
|
|
-Sweet Band Music
-very orchestrated/choreographed, singing, costuming, etc.
-Chattanooga Choo Choo |
|
|
|
-Toured US, expanded people’s awareness of Jazz
-racially integrated his band |
|
|
|
-great pianist
-Huge innovator
-composed over 3,000 pieces of music
-created new sounds with compositions
-considered precursor to bebop, free jazz |
|
|
|
split in Jazz
-Regulated to “art music,” no longer popular
-Rock’n’Roll and Rhythm and Blues become America’s pop music.
-Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie release Koko: Bebop |
|
|
|
-1945-50s
-Smaller instrumentation
-Combo groups of 3-5
-Bass, piano, trumpet, sax, percussion
(always have to have either bass or drum)
-Different from swing and Dixieland
Faster, more virtuostic
still swings
Form: AABA (32 bars, B stands for Bridge)
Head-Improv-Head
Bebop written over chords of existing music
hard bop has its own chords
Hard bop and cool jazz are subcategories of bebop |
|
| Significant Bebop Musicians |
|
Charlie Parker
Dizzy Gillespie |
|
|
|
inovator, created the bebop form
set the bar for sax players. |
|
|
|
a subcategory of bebop
slower, more laid-back
still have improv and solo |
|
|
|
| bebop, hard bop, cool jazz, and all small jazz combos today use this form. |
|
|
|
Late 50s-60s
Don’t follow the rules of Jazz
tonality changes, moves away from key centers
-4ths and 5ths instead of 3rds
rhythm still steady
Spiritual jazz |
|
| Significant Avant-Garde Musicians |
|
John Coltrane
Thelonius Monk |
|
|
|
Avant-Garde
Virtuosity unrivaled, like Parker |
|
|
|
Avant-garde taken to the limit
no framework, total freedom
not just polyrythms, but no rhythm at all
no tonality |
|
|
|
Jazz mixed with other genres
synthesizers, more drums
jazz rock, jazz acid, funky jazz, disco jazz |
|
|
|
Fusion
-also important to bebop and avant-garde
Bitch’s Brew
-Jazz fused with Electronic music
-Sax, bass clarinets, synthesizers, electronic effects |
|