Jazz Exam 3

• Frequent use of counterpoint
• Less aggressive sound
• Relaxed tempos
• Emotional detachment 
• Delicate sounds

• Group lead by Miles Davis – Pioneered the style of “cool jazz”
• Interested in playing lighter sound rather than stylistic precedent

• Flute
• French Horn
• Oboe
• Flugelhorn

• First to use bebop style on baritone sax
• Developed piano-less quartet
• Emphasizes counterpoint between bass and melody 

People: Chet Baker

• Trumpet player/vocalist – “Doomed Jazz Genius” 
• Ultimate image of cool jazz artist – good looks, romantic musician
• Terrible junkie

• Jazz teacher/pianist – blind from birth
• Highly innovative – valued countrapuntal and harmonic content 
• Abrasive/reclusive personality made him less popular

• Influence on modern pianists – phenomenal technique/musical sensitivity 
• Worked w/ Miles Davis
• His trio redefines roles of rhythym section – uses bass/drum counterpoint

• Clasically trained pianist – Balkan/Middle eastern influence
• Use of odd-meters
• Tremendous commercial success 

• From St. Louis
• Studied classical trumpet 
• Had the ability to anticipate stylistic direction jazz needed to take
•  Had heroin addiction, then cleaned up 

• Simpler style – fewer notes, middle register, more space
• Valued content over technique
• Played w/ Charlie Parker & Dizzy Gillespie

• Blending jazz/classical music
• Addition of “non-jazz” instruments
• Unique orchestration – use of classical forms

• Heavy gospel/R&B influences 
• Bluesy – recognizable/catchy melodies
• Featured shout chorus and ensemble sections

• Aggressive drummer – central figure in hard bop
• Forms Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers 
• Leads band for 30+ years
• “One man university of jazz” – developed many talented artists 

People/Style: Horace Silver 

• Pianist – Plays with Art Blakey
• Left hand = syncopated and active 
• Incorporates blues, folk, gospel 
• Catchy melodies – songs popular in jazz

• (hard bop) Alto sax player – Bluesy/big sound
• Plays w/ Miles on Kind of Blue
• Leaves Miles –> forms band w/brother Nat

• Guitar player – uses thumb to play 
• From Indianapolis, discovered by “Cannonball” 
• Single lines, octaves, and chords 

• Used Hammond B3 Organ – usually used in church
• Left = walking bass line, Right = melodies & chords
• Church influence – funky/gospel sound

• Trumpet Player
• Great tone, technique, time, and harmony
• “Clean musician” – influences lifestyle choices for others 
• Dies at age 25 in car accident 

• Virtuoso bassist – great composer
• Music spans many genres – classical, gospel, bebop
• Music contains civil rights messages
• Heavily influenced by Ellington/Parker

• Born North Carolina, grows up in Philidelphia
• Begins playing clarinet, then alto sax –> later switches to tenor sax
• Joined military – played in service band

• Joins Miles Davis Quintet
• Replaced Sonny Rollins
• Initially, critics dislike style/sound
• Gets fired by Miles for drugs, then works with Monk
• Rejoins Miles “Kind of Blue” 

• Refers to Coltrane’s use of fast scales
• Plays as much harmonic knowledge as possible at all times

• 1959 Album – explores new harmonic movement
• Very difficult to play
• Important influence on modern jazz

• 2 seperate melodic ideas occuring simultaneously

• Wayne Shorter – Saxophone
• Herbie Hancock – Piano
• Ron Carter – Bass
• Tony Williams – Drums

• More freedom – form/harmony
• Soloist is a function of the dynamics of the accompaniment
• Elasticity: band members push/pull on each others melodies, tones, solos without talking

• Influenced by rock and funk
• Electric guitar and Synthesizers
• Simpler musical structures allow greater musical freedom