aristocratic music limited audience involvement (Korea)
kaya gum
-Korean 12 string zither
-Genre: Court music and Sanjo
-Plucked with Bamboo bow
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Haegum
Korean Fiddle
genre: Sanjo
played upright
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changgo
Korean Drum
Genre: Pansori, salmunori, court
two heads
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Puk
Korean Drum
Barrel shaped/two headed
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Pungmul
Korean Folk Music
includes drumming, dancing, and singing
Instruments: Puk (drums)
Sanjo
Korean Aristocratic and virtuosic Music
Instruments: String wind + Changgo
solo instrumental music
fast/slow
p’ansori
Korean court music
performed in court hall or town square
voice + drum
Salmunori
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjO9Aodnu98
Korean music in category of Nongak
Celebrations and agricultural
resistance music: banned by Japanese empire
Drums and gongs
rhythmic
Nongak/p’ungmul
Korean Drum and Gong group
Pungmul is rooted in the dure (collective labor) farmingculture
tradition that includesdrumming,dancing, andsinging. Most performances are outside, with tens of players, all in constant motion.
CHINA
diaspora
people migrating from mainland china–music goes with the people
Sizhu
Traditional Genre of Chinese music
Uses all instruments
Folk Music (of people)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg4CftoegnE
Erhu
Chinese Vertical fiddle
Played with a bow
Chordaphone
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Pipa
Chinese String instrument
plucked
lute family (round body w/ long neck)
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Dizi
Chinese Bamboo flute
Played transverse (side)
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gu/zheng
Chinese zither- boxed body w/ bridge
plucked
Flat
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Chinese Folk Orchestra
Western Instruments
Popular/traditional combination
conductor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtpFut7dNT0
Erich Hornbostel
an Austrian ethnomusicologist and scholar of music. He is remembered for his pioneering work in the field of ethnomusicology, and for the Sachs-Hornbostel system of musical instrument classification which he co-authored with Curt Sachs.
Curt Sachs
was a German musicologist. He was one of the founders of modern organology (the study of musical instruments), and is probably best remembered today for co-authoring the Sachs-Hornbostel scheme of musical instrument classification with Erich von Hornbostel.
organology
is the science of musical instruments and their classification [1]. It embraces study of instruments’ history, instruments used in different cultures, technical aspects of how instruments produce sound, and musical instrument classification.
lute
Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either fretted or unfretted) and a deep round back, or more specifically to an instrument from the family of European lutes.
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Meiji
denotes the period in Japanese history during the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor(from 23 October 1868 to 30 July 1912). During this time, Japan began its modernization and rose to world power status. Meiji means ‘Enlightened Rule’.
Edo
the former name of the Japanese capitalTokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868
Tokugana
division of Japanese historyrunning from 1603 to 1868 and is the premodern era. The period marks the governance of the Edo or Tokugawa shogunate, which was officially established in 1603 by the first Edo shogunTokugawa Ieyasu. The period ended with the Meiji Restoration,
geisha
are traditional, female Japaneseentertainers whose skills include performing various Japanese arts such as classical music and dance.
Known for playing SHAMISEN
Shakuhachi (extra credit- Bucket on head)
Japanese end-blown flute
Vertical
Spirtuality and mediatation
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koto
Japanese zither
They have 13 strings
pluck the strings
very similar to guzheng (chinese)
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Shamisen
Japanese lute
three-stringed musical instrument played with a plectrum (guitar pick on steroids)
the word is often used to refer to any of the various Japanese drums and to the relatively recent art-form of ensemble taiko drumming
jo-ha-kyu
Most common Japanese Music form (orgasm)
rhythmic changes rather than melodic
jo= slow intro
ha= breaking apart->faster
kyu= rushing til the end with tempo slow to the end
NATIVE AMERICAN
falsetto
The term falsetto is most often used in the context of singing to refer to a type of vocal phonation that enables the singer to sing notes beyond the vocal range of the normal or modal voice
portamento
primarily denoting a vocal slide between two pitches and its emulation by instruments such as the violin, and is sometimes used [1] interchangeably with anticipation
**Describes Native American Vocals
Characteristics of Sioux War Dance
Voice Quality: shrill, high pitched, piercing
Instruments: drums and rattles
Vocal technique: portamento (sliding pitches)
Singers: mixture of solo and group singing
Text: vocables (meaningless syllables)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AX5xIv_NS08
Zuni Lullaby
Text: lyrics/words
Singing: solo singer, voice dominates
melodic range: only two pitches
accompaniment: NONE
Meter: No meter/free meter (expected with solo singing
Structure: repetition w/ slight variations
NO HARMONY
Iroquois Quiver Dance
Relaxed
Pulsation of voice at ends of phrases
Types of Navajo music
Always vocal
Most instruments are used
Carlos Nequi
Black America
melismatic
the singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession. Music sung in this style is referred to as melismatic, as opposed tosyllabic, where each syllable of text is matched to a single note.
lining out
a form of a cappella hymn-singing or hymnody in which a leader, often called the clerk or precentor, gives each line of a hymn tune as it is to be sung, usually in a chanted form giving or suggesting the tune.
It can be considered a form of call and response.
Amazing Grace example
Common Characteristics of African American Music
Movement: bodies sway freely and dance
Social organization: call and response is very typical from leader => lining out
Timbre: alternates between buttery smooth and raspy coarse
Pitch: Variable around the 3rd, 5th, and 7th degrees of scale. The tune is playful
work song
a piece of music closely connected to a specific form of work, either sung while conducting a task
Paces the work and rhythms coordinate the movements of the workers
the blues
musical form and a music genre created within the AfricanAmerican community from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrativeballads
characterized by the use of specific chord progressions — the twelve-bar blues chord progressions being the most frequently encountered — and the blue note that for expressive purposes are sung or played flattened or gradually bent in relation to the pitch of the major scale.
lyrics of blues
The lyrics of early traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times; it was only in the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became standard: the so-called AAB pattern, consisting of a line sung over the four first bars, its repetition over the next four, and then a longer concluding line over the last bars.
Blues Scale
At its most basic, a single version of this “blues scale” is commonly used over all changes (or chords) in a twelve bar blues progression.[6] Likewise, in contemporary jazz theory, its use is commonly based upon the key rather than the individual chord.[2]
Syncopation
includes a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced strong and weak beats in a meter
downhome blues
refers to all the acoustic, mainly guitar-driven forms of the blues (AKA country blues).
Country blues were constructed from “a much more heterogeneous, fluid musical field” participated in by black and some white people including ragtime, early jazz, religious song,
mistreatment
Subject of most blues music.
Ewe
Ewe people, an ethnic group in Ghana, Benin and Togo
Ewe music is the music of the Ewe people of West Africa. Instrumentation is primarily percussive andrhythmically the music features great metricalcomplexity. Its highest form is in dance music including a drum orchestra, but there are also work, play, and other songs
Shona
Zimbabwe , and southern Mozambique
There are several different types of traditional Shona music including mbira, singing, hoshoand drumming. Very often, this music will be accompanied by dancing, and participation by the audience. In Shona music, there is little distinction between the performer and the audience, both are often actively involved in the music-making, and both are important in the religious ceremonies where Shona Music is often heard.
Enculteration
Enculturation is the process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviours that are appropriate or necessary in that culture
griot/jali
a West African poet, praise singer, and wandering musician, considered a repository of oral tradition.
Although they are popularly known as ‘praise singers’, griots may also use their vocal expertise for gossip, satire, or political comment.
Griots today live in many parts of West Africa, includingMali, the Gambia, Guinea, Western Sahara andSenegal,
agbekor
Agbekor is a style of dance by the West Africanpeoples of Eweand Foh
It is characterized by multiple percussioninstruments that engage in highly polyrhythmicinteractions
Slow, Bells, Call and Response
Today it is used for cultural presentations, but in the past it was an actual war dance, and the oath in question was an oath taken by the ancestors before going into battle.
The lead drummer ‘calls’ the dancers to perform a specific movement, preceded and followed by “the call to turn.”
libation
Libation is also commonly recognized as the break within the famous performance of Agbekor, a ritual dance performed in some West African cultures.
drum strokes
call and response
In Sub-Saharan Africancultures, call and response is a pervasive pattern ofdemocratic participation—in public gatherings in the discussion of civic affairs, in religious rituals, as well as in vocal and instrumental musical expression
ostinato
a motif or phrasewhich is persistently repeated in the same musical voice. An ostinato is always a succession of equal sounds. Each note always has the same weight in an ostinato. The repeating idea may be a rhythmic pattern, part of a tune, or a complete melody
kora
21-string harp-lute used extensively by peoples inWest Africa (GRIOT Families)
the player uses only the thumb and index finger of both hands to pluck the strings in polyrhythmic patterns
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mbira
is amusical instrument consisting of a wooden board to which staggered metal keys have been attached.
The Mbira is usually classified as part of thelamellaphone family. It is also part of the idiophonesfamily of musical instruments. In some places it is also known as a sanza.
In Shona music, thembira dzavadzimu(“voice of the ancestors“, national instrument of Zimbabwe[1])
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lamellophone
a long thin plate that is fixed only at one end) is any of a family of musical instruments.
A large number of lamellophones originate in Africa, where they are known under different names includingmbira, sanza, kisanji, likembe, kalimba, andkongoma.
Surakarta
Surakarta (colloquially Solo) is an Indonesian city of more than 600,000 people located in Central Java.
Yogyakarta
The Special Region of Yogyakarta (Indonesian:Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY), is the smallestprovince of Indonesia (excluding Jakarta). It is located on the island of Java
The city of Yogyakarta is the capital of the province (located in south-central Java)
gamelan
Agamelanis a musical ensemble fromIndonesia, typically from the islands of Bali or Java,
featuring a variety of instruments such asmetallophones, xylophones, drums and gongs;bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings. Vocalistsmay also be included .
A gamelan is a set of instruments as a distinct entity, built and tuned to stay together — instruments from different gamelan are generally not interchangeable.
rehab
bonang
The bonang is a musical instrument used in theJavanese gamelan
It is a collection of small gongs (sometimes called “kettles” or “pots”) placed horizontally onto strings in a wooden frame (rancak), either one or two rows wide.
They are typically hit with padded sticks (tabuh).
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metallophone
metallophone is any musical instrument consisting of tuned metal bars which are struck to make sound, usually with a mallet
There are several different types used in Balineseand Javanese gamelan ensembles, including the gender,gangsa and saron.
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scales
pathet
he pathet (Javanese spelling; also patet) is an organizing concept in gamelan music
a pathet indicates which notes are stressed in the melody, especially at the end of phrases (seleh), as well as determines which elaborations (cengkok andsekaran) are appropriate
In many cases, however, pieces are seen as in a mixture of pathets
In Javanese music there are traditionally six pathet
irama
Irama is a concept used in Javanese gamelan music, which relates to how much space there is between notes.
One way to think of irama is to use the most consistently struck instrument in the gamelan, the saron panerus
There are five irama (varies between 1-16 Saron panerus beats per note)
balungan
The balungan (Javanese: skeleton, frame) is sometimes called the “core melody” of a Javanese gamelan composition.
This corresponds to the view that gamelan music is heterophonic: the balungan is then the melody which is being elaborated.
loud ; soft playing styles
Outdoor= Loud, no voices, gongs/pots only
;
Indoor= inside, voices, strings
wayang kulit
shadow puppets prevalent inJava and Bali in Indonesia, are without a doubt the best known of the Indonesianwayang.
Performances of shadow puppet theater are accompanied by gamelan in Java,
Ramayana
The Ramayana is one of the two great epics of India, the other being theMahabharata.[1] It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king.
Kakawin Ramayana is an old Javanese rendering;
The Javanese Ramayana differs markedly from the original Hindu prototype.
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Mahabharata
A major text of Hinduism and a cornerstone of Hindu mythology, it is of immense importance to the culture of the Indian subcontinent. Its consideration of human goals (dharma or duty, artha or purpose, kama, pleasure or desire and moksha or liberation) is part of a long-standing tradition which seeks to explain the relationship of the individual to society and the world (the nature of the “Self”) and the workings of karma.
Java has their own version called the Kakawin Bharatayuddha from Java.
gong kebyar
a modern style or genreof Balinesegamelan music
Kebyar means “the process of flowering”, and refers to the explosive changes intempo anddynamicscharacteristic of the style.
It is the most popular form of gamelan in Bali, and its best known musical export
Gong kebyar music is based on a five-tonescale calledpelog selisir
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUfE9zTHQVI
gamelan performance context
In Indonesia, gamelan usually accompanies dancewayang puppet performances, or rituals or ceremonies. Typically players in the gamelan will be familiar with dance moves and poetry, while dancers are able to play in the ensemble
In Bali, almost all religious rituals include gamelan performance. Gamelan is also used in the ceremonies of the Catholic church in Indonesia.[
Gamelan is frequently played on the radio
In the court tradition of central Java, gamelan is often played in the pendopo, an open pavilion with a cavernous, double-pitched roof, no side walls, and a hard marble or tile floor.
pelog
seven note scale “heptatonic”
slendro
pentotonic scale
sometimes pitches line up between scales
kendhang
Gamelan drum that controls tempo
tala
the term used in;Indian classical music;for the rhythmic pattern of any composition and for the entire subject of;rhythm, roughly corresponding to;metre;in Western music, though closer conceptual equivalents are to be found in other Asian classical systems such as the notion of;usul;in the theory of Ottoman/Turkish music.