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| 15 or 30 IPS (inches per second) |
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| removal of unwanted noise and reordering or replacement of recorded material |
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| physical action of cutting the tape and reassembling it |
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| switching rapidly and repeatedly between the fast forward and rewind switches |
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| slower, more accurate form of shuttling done by hand |
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| 2 fundamental kinds of microphones |
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| 2 kinds of dynamic microphones |
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| response time of microphone |
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| 3 directional characteristics |
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Omnidirectional
Bidirectional
Unidirectional |
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| plugs into the bottom of the microphone |
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| flexible substance under tension vibrates in responce to changes in atmospheric pressure caused by compression and rarefaction of molecules of a sound wave |
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| wire in magnetic field is attached to diaphragm which causes it to move in concert with diaphragm. free electrons within wire begin to flow as a result of movement |
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| diaphragm is thin, metallic ribbon, very fragile |
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capacitor capable of storing and discharging an electrical charge
best vocal microphones |
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body microphones
2 types:moving coil and electric capacitor |
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| attached to stiff, sound reflecting surfaces |
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| picks up sound from greater distance and more clarity |
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| wireless microphone systems |
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broadcast on specific radio frequencies
requires transmitter, antenna, and receiver |
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| equally sensitive in all directions |
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| subjective standard or reference |
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properly distribute sound to each speaker
frequency dividing network |
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close to listener
maximizing direct energy |
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full range
a lot of power
braod frequency response |
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| magnet used to convert electrical nergy into physical movement which causes the mechanical motion of diaphragm that initiates the sound wave |
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moving coil
ribbon
condenser/electrostatic |
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handle higher frequencies
thin metal strip |
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| electrostatic/condenser speakers |
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| reproduce frequencies between woofers and tweeters |
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| 3 types of studio monitors |
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bookshelf speakers
sound cubes
enclosures |
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| how mix will sound on “normal” speakers |
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| how mix will sound on inexpensive stereo systems |
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boxes that hold speakers
eliminate errant vibrations |
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| 2 main parts of digital audio file |
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| store info about the files: resolution, sampling rate and type of compression |
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default format on Windows
uncompressed and take up a lot of space |
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default audio format for Macs
compression creates compatibility problems |
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| PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) |
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storing and transmitting uncompressed digital audio
representation in binary |
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| DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) |
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simle form of lossy compression
4 bits to store difference |
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| sample rate must be twice the highest frequency that we wish to sample |
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| minimally reduce data 2:1 compression |
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store more data
sounds worse |
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Musical instrument digital interface
used by synths and sequencers to communicate |
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Society of motion picture and television
time based code used by machine to stay synchronized |
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| takes signal and increases amplitude |
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| omnidirectional mic examples |
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| both dynamic and condenser |
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