air de cour 

"courtly air"

 

Hire a custom writer who has experience.
It's time for you to submit amazing papers!


order now

secular in France, polyphonic or homophonic
played on voice and lute

masque
theatrical genre of 17th century England featuring a mixture of declaimed poetry, songs, scenery, dance, and instrumental music
tragedie lyrique 

overture with two movments

first slow with dotted rhythms, second fast

prologue

talked about politics and made king look good

5 acts 

french overture

type of overture that begins with a slow intro featuring dotted rhythms and moves to a fast imitative section

commonly used in french operas and opera seria of the 17th and 18th century 

divertissement
between acts of tragedie lyrique, lots of instrument and ensemble, some only instruments
opera seria

serious opera

arisa and recit

exit convention

polot based in classical antiquity

rulers in good light

lots of virtuosity, espeically in da capo aria, ABA

castrati 

semi-opera

story based on mythology or royalty

more music thatn ballad opera

purcell wrote many 

oratorio

means prayer hall

n arrator characters and plot

big chorus and orchestra

religous story

watered down opera 

cantata

hodge podge

not any others it’s this

bach loved

means to sing

concert spirituel

group of artists played them in public venues

not spiritual or sacred;

trio sonata

three notated parts, but more than three players allowed, instrumental, not hard, much virtuosity

;

de chiesa

somber, in church, 1st movement slow, others imitative

;

de camera

secular, series of suites;

concerto

grosso-2 parts, small group of soloists and ripierno, larger group

;

;solo-soloists with ripieno ensemble

;

ripieno-no soloists, no opposition;

toccata
type of work for keyboard that is freely constructed, based on no preexisting material, andtypically features rapid passagework
fugue

subject (theme)

exposition (when all voices have stated subject)

free section (episodes and middles entries, which are points of imitation);

chorale;;

piano piece based on preexisting vocal piece

;

used often in church, chorale preludes;

symphony

organized and very structured

3 sometimes 4 movements

fast, slow, fast

if a fourth appeared it was 3rd and a minuet

locked in opera overture;

opera buffa;;

no da capo aria or virtuosity

everyday becomes lead

bass becomes lead

simply melodies

ensemebles become very important

lots of periodic phrase structure;

reform opera

no virtuosity or solo recitative

all about drama

overture plays into action

blurs lines between recit and arias

text based on greek mythology

some guy is important;

opera seria didn’t die though, just less common 

singspiel
opera with singing and speaking
social songs

Billings

 

catches-humourous

glee-based onf olk song

canon-religious or morality lesson 

the concerto madrigal 
type of madrigal which emered in early 17th century, using instruments (bass continuo with or without aditional instruments) independtly of the vocal part or parts
madrigal comedies 

series of polyphonic madrigals loosely connected through plot and characters . The genre enjoyed its heyday in the closing decades of the 16th century.

 

the slopes of mount parnassus

 

 

ballad opera  

type of opera popular in egnland during the 18th ccentury

featuring contemporary songs, including but not limited to ballads, mixed with dialouge 

Opera  

First, Dafne by Peri

 

Best, or atleast first realy, Orfeo by Monteverdi

 

Peri and Caccini argued over having done it first… 

music in convents  

many women were sent to convents because the dowry for a convent was much less than that for marrying a husband

 

many convents started up, and two thirds of them were writing polyphonic music. 

motets and masses  

grand motet, vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra

 

much virtuosity in them

 

practical, a la zadok the priest. 

ballet de cour  

courtly ballets, which had the monarch as the lead (someone portraying the monarch)

 

combined song, dance, and instrumental music

 

dominated in France for first 2/3 of 17th century 

comedie-ballet

mixture of spoken drama and dance

 

Lully was major (he was the smart guy who took over Opera in France)

 

 

instruments

violin (24 violinists of the King, keep your violinist, people just began keeping them)

winds, brass, and percussion

keyboard (Cristofori makes first pianoforte, called gravicembalo col piano e forte))

sonata 

that which is sounded

 

instrumental equivalent of cantata 

concerto (just it, not types)
applied to works where a combination of diverse musical forces work together, "in concert"
suite  

extended series of dances

same key, switches between major and minor

two fast movements, than a slow, and at the end a lively dance in triple meter 

 

titles depend on geo location (partida in Germany)! 

variation suite

presents a series of contrasting dances based on one basic thematic idea

 

in effect, a set of variations grouped as a dance suite 

fortspinnung
short pauses in voices that are covered by forward motion in other voices
double (suite)

tacked onto end of dance

 

connect is theme 

Jean-Phillipe Rameau  

triadic hamony

 

used & "discovered" inversions 

free genres (keyboard music)

3 types- imitative, non imitative, combination

 

imatitive, 3 types-ricercar, fugue, canon

 

non-imitative, 4 types-toccata, canzona, fantastia, prelude 

vocal based (keyboard)
chanson and chorale
dance based (keyboard)

goldberg variations (JS Bach)

 

still binary

 

sarabande, allemande, and gavotte

 

chaconne, passacaglia, folia 

basso ostinato

bass that wouldn’t go away

;

used in variations;

tierce de picardie;;

picardy third

;

ended a piece on a major triad that is otherwise minor;

violin family
violin, viola, and cello reach modern day form
head motif
thematic idea(s) repeated throughout a piece
sinfonia
another name for concerto ripeieno
Classical Dates

1750-1800

;

50 years

;

and that’s all she wrote 

age of enlightenment

me started believing in knowledge, and using it to help the world

 

using reason, less mysticism 

Galant and Rococo
Refers to music between 1720 and 1750 that is not quite the full classical style yet
empfindsamkeit

means sensibility in cherman

 

describes a characteristic aesthetic associated wtih the new style

 music focused on detail, and avoided thick textures and grandiose gestures

homophony in clasical

genuine homophony, a subordinate voice or voices support a single prominent melodic line

focus moved to top line

obbligato accompaniment, secondary voices contribute material essential to a work’s musical fabric;

periodic phrase structure in classical

becomes common in all musical genres

;

move away from paratactic, and more toward syntactic;

basso continuo in classical;;

basso continuo gone, no figured bass

;

(except in secco recitative, then some bc happened);

harmonic rhythm in classical

much slower

;

baroque, harmonies change beat to beat, classical, maybe twice a measure;

balance and proportion in classical
underneath all the rules of classical, there was an underlying current of turublence and unpredictability
people like about sonata?

listeners could easily recongnize the signposts, and could orient themselves within a sonata form movement

;

predictability, or atleast organization;

Mannheim orchestra

Best orchestra of time, conducted by J. Stamitz

;

best players, beautiful playing, ingenuity abounded;

;

Orchestra of Generals;

fantasia of classical

no predictable framework

;

nothing;

CPE Bach and JC Bach

sons of Bach

;

also great composers and conductors;

Alberti Bass
when bass plays repeated figurations on a series of triadic harmonies
reprise;;

unit of music to be repeated in performance immediately after it has been first presented

;

expanded binary;;
no idea
language of instrumental music
instruments could move you like voices
instrumental forms (classical)

sonata, string quartet, symphony, concerto;

;

all had 3-4 movements

in 4 mvm form 3rd was a minuet

minuet-ABA minuet proper trio minuet proper, boisterous and adds levity

;

fast slow fast;

hauptsatz
all instrument movements in a good piece relate to it….
rondo

based on a dance

;

lively, usually a finale

;

ABACADA

;

A, refrain

BCD, episodes or couplets;

half cadence

a switch to the dominant key

;

cadence on the dominant;

sturm und drang

usually minor, characterists similar to mannerism

;

large jumps, synocopations, dynamic contrast;

symphony (classical)

locked in opera oveture for years, but finally coming out

;

Battista Samartini wrote first independent symphony

;

Italian overture, fast slow fast

;

growing in size;

sonata form with varied reprise

used by haydn

;there was a reprise of the exposition, but it was done with embellishments and subtle changes, so the entire thing was rewritten out

dies irae;

used in Haydn’s Symph 103

 

first two measures sound like opening of dies irae from the plainchant mass for the dead

 

the down up feature from dies irae is also in the symp 103 

what improvements where made to the piano?(cl)

broader range of dynamics

 

more readily available 

What made JC Bach’s Op. 5 #2 typical?
light, easy to play, small scale, and easily played on both harpsichord and piano
String Quartet (cl)

trio sonatas still exist

;

2 violins, a viola, and a violoncello;

;

four movements standard

;

instruments in symphonies (cl);;

1760-strings, two oboes, maybe a flute or bassoons, and two horns near end of 1760

;

1780-trumpets and timpani

;

late1780-1790-clarinets;

turkish music in symphonies
haydn used turkish instruments in his symphony (fast-drum, cymbal, tambourine, and triangle)
difference between concerto then and now? cl
then, more of a colloborative effort instead of the soloist being a separate entity
concerto movements? cl
3
intermezzo

between acts of opera seria

;

funny and popular

became opera buffa;

Guerre des Bouffons

War of Buffoons

;Over whether to keep the tragedie lyrique or to change over to the Italian Opera Buffa

Italian won

;;

Le devin du village

French opera writte in Italian style

;

very very very popular

;

written by Rousseau;

Piccinnists and Gluckists

another opera fight

;both foreginers

Gluck was more French style, Piccini was more Italian

;

Gluck won, yay Reform opera;

Sacred Music, cl

simpler, more chordal

;

kept basso continuo and strict counterpoint;

Kennst du das Land

Song by Zelter

told story, very straightforward and undemanding

common Song;

Carl F. Zelter

began concept of German Lied

;

was strophic, syllabic, vocal and piano very undemanding, narrow vocal range;

New-England Psalm-Singer
Billings collection of social songs
La serva padrona
started war of the buffoons
clemenza di tito
a opera seria by Mozart with a castrato, written after Reform Opera began
ritornello and its principle

literally small return, musical idea that returns at serveral points over the course of a work, usually after constrasting material

;

ritornello principle is when the composer constructs large scale forms are successive returns of an opening idea

;

big in concerto;