characteristics of 19th century music
Post-enlightenment
About- emotion, love of mystery, evil, and the unknown
Reason-out, no longer popular
Replaced god in the arts with nature or music. Built lots of concert halls
what did 19th composers do with their music
wrote about themselves, were inspired by nature, had new and improved instruments to help them vary their sound
how society viewed music
hihgest, purest art form.
what were some features of 19th century music
had exoticism, had a purpose and a mission
2 major events that occured during this period
industrial revolution and political/social upheavel
musical changes
melodies became more beautiful, bigger range. Rythems more flexible, rubato- when composer moves the tempo forward or pull back
harmonies- richer as well as forms, concharitos and opera’s- longer
program music introduced.
classical style elements
smaller string section 1/4 size of today, no precussion, exception timboni, and no trumbones or tubas
forms
absolute music- well ordered and planned
contributed to the creation of symphonies and such
sonata form
fundimental idea for concert music. contains themes, the way themes are developed help make music enjoyable, themes need to be developed
mozart
greatest musician ever. syphony 40 composed in 1788, orchestra consisted of a flute, 2 horns, 2 bassons, violas, chellos, 2 oboes, and later 2 clarinets
1756-1791
#17 and don giovani opera.
first movement in sonata form
2nd- slow tempo, beautiful melodies
3rd- minuete
4th lively conclusion
Hector Berlioz
Composer in the 19th century, had 3 main program pieces, wrote in 5 movements, not 4, and had Idee fixe- the same theme in all 5 movements (the girl)
1803-1869
Haydan
1732-1809
Autrian, studied at st. stephan, was dismissed when voice changed. moved to hungary string chortets, lord melson, and the seasons
solo concharito
replaced the main concharito in the classical period, almost all in sonata form.
concharitos have
condenza’s- improvization of notes
rondo
abaca form. bright and happy, usually last movement
opera’s
unified. 2 main types
seria-tragic about gods and heros
buffa- fun and frilly
chamber music
small groups, haver 4 movements, sonatas are chamber works in 3-4 movements for piano and one other instrument.
Joe Green
wrote tradgedies in Italy, used brutal realism toward the darker side of humans
Bathoven
contained changes in tempo, 1770-1827, German, never left Vienna, pianist. went deaf, wrote 5th synphony
romanticism
more romantic love, facination of unknown, and mystical/evil, foundness for far away places. resentment of rules and restrictions, nature appealing and important, art and music important
program music
instrumental music that composer associates with idea, or theme.
4 types
1. concert
2. overture
3. independant piece with programic ovrtures
4. incidental music
program synphonony
Puccinni
wrote madam butterfly
vagner
music dramas-operas, took themes from mythalogical, about ideas not people. Hitler loved him used dissonance and chromaticism in music. Yay Nazi’s De
4 things at the end of the 19th century
expanded form, flexible number and order, more emotional, nationalism
late 19th century movements
Impressionism and post romanticism both helped break down composition, Impressionism- French Post-modernism- german
Debussy
Impressionism, gliding chords, mixed up rythems
20th century music
WWI and WWII effect music big timed. Neo classical- composers write logically and classical styled.
Bela Bartok
recorded and copied folk music
Benjamin Britten
Roman Stranvinski
the rite of spring-somewhat primitive
20th century
pop becomes popular, chromatic music and harmonies that skip