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| the fundamental of the harmonic series |
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| French horn with both Bb and F tubing (alternate with button) |
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| used to play super soft; sounds distant |
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| metal mute with stem slide (mainly used with trumpet) |
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| Fr., "stopped horn"; hand shoved deep into horn |
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| It’s the detache of horn playing; alternates tongue and throat sound |
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| trigger for trombone (not on all); lowers from Bb to F |
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| Notated a 5th higher in bass clef (and same in treble clef) |
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| notated a 4th lower than concert pitch |
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| How many horns are in a chamber orchestra? |
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| How many horns are in a small orchestra? |
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| How many horns are in a Symphony Orchestra? |
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| 5; 4 parts and 1 “assistant french horn” who doubles any part at certain times for security and/or volume |
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| How many horns are in a Symphony Orchestra? |
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| 5; 4 parts and 1 “assistant french horn” who doubles any part at certain times for security and/or volume |
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| Written Range of Horn (possible) |
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| [image] transpose to written Bb trumpet |
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| Eb Tuba possible written range |
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| Trumpet Written possible range |
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| Treble Baritone (possible written range) |
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| Trombone possible written range |
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[image]
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transpose to written F Horn
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[image]
transpose to written note treble baritone
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[image]
transpose to written bass clef baritone
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[image]
Transpose to Written F Tuba;
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[image]
write sounded note
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| D# below middle C (old notation sounds an octave higher then add a whole step for the horn in D) |
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[image]
write sounded note
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F# below bass staff
Is this right???? check this
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[image]
write sounded note
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| same note!!; non-transposing instrument |
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| how to find the range of a horn |
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reference note is C below middle C on the second space of bass clef:
highest note- go three octave above
lowest- tritone below
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I think it’s the only brass that goes 3 oct. instead of two oct. above basic pitch?
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| how to find range of every brass besides horn |
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Find basic pitch (key of instrument)
highest: 2 oct. above
lowest: tritone below
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| How to determine if old or new notation is being used |
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| if a horn note goes on a ledger line below bass clef, it is in old notation (because it is an octave too low to modern eyes) |
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| Two types of melodies for horns |
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1) a) hunting horn type solo… Perfect intervals, triads, scale motion
b) Hunting horn type solo with some chromatic passing tone thanks to valve development
2) simple melodies in middle range of piano (due to drive and intensity in this range)
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| know how to find harmonic series |
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corno, corni
Back in the day, in Italy, they use horns to make the corn grow faster, since corn was totally not native to Italy. So they just went ahead and named the horn section "corni"
Oh also, they sometimes made really weird pornos featuring a lone horn soloist, hence the hybrid term "corno"
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cor, cors
French is just plain hard"cor" when it comes to horns. and lovin’. and eiffel towers.
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horn, horn;r
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little jack horn;r sat in a corner.; He was German and he was playing more than one horn.
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3 things about transposition:
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1) affects mostly treble clef-playing instruments
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2) When a transposing instrument reads a C, the note is the key of the instrument itself
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3) The sounding note is lower than the C (with a few exceptions in smaller instruments)
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| rule for range of trumpet vs transposition |
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| if the interval is bigger than a P4, put it up an octave |
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characteristics of cylindrical brass
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brighter, stronger (louder)
more penetrating sound
i.e. trumpets, trombones
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| characteristics of conical brass |
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warmer, darker, more reticent
less penetrating
i.e. everything besides trumpets and trombones
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Three things horns are good for
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1) solos (second most used solo instrument)
2) accompaniment
3) melodies in unison
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| Two types of horn accompaniment |
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1) sustained
2) rhythmic (i.e. ;oompa; of waltzes)
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| horn notation signaling ;open; (unmuted) note |
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| horn notation signaling muted note |
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| crossbow cross above note |
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bouch;
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Think Bobby bouch; quit school or was retarded or something in Waterboy or billy madison or whatever f’ing adam sandler movie. He STOPPED doing something.. or something. because he was french. probably trying to french kiss something or someone.
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gestopft
think German Gestapo, the Nazi secret police. it looks similar. and they stopped a lot of good times.
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| stopped note sounds different than written… how? |
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| half step higher than written |
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| Added notes with the trigger (aka F attachment) (trombone) |
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1st position: F below bass clef (not a new note, but a different location to play this note)
2nd position: E below bass clef (also (not a new note, but a different location to play this note)
3rd position: Eb series
4th pos: D
5th: Db
6th: C
NO SEVENTH POS. WITH TRIGGER
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| first pedal tone (trombone) |
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| Bb octave below basic pitch (lower than cello!) |
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| second pedal tone (next lower from first) (trombone) |
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| Two easiest pedal tones for trombone |
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| Can a trombone player play a low B natural (below bass clef)? |
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| Not with slide down unless they are a specialist bass trombonist with a second trigger |
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| Trombones are used in groups of ___ |
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| When trombones play in a group of three, what clef does each read? |
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1st: alto clef
2nd: tenor clef
3rd: bass clef
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| 3 uses of trombone in ensemble |
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1) they are the bottom of the brass section
2) sustained chords (very wide dynamic range; accompany or background)
3) all trombones in unison for a strong emphasis (i.e. Dvorak’s new world symphony)
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| In band, trombones play what would traditionally be a ____ part |
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| cello; trombone parts are much more difficult in band than orchestra |
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| What do you have to keep in mind in order to do Glissando on a trombone? |
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| All the notes of the gliss. must be in one position (register) to be pure |
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| C tuba plays ____ lower than trumpet |
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| 3 things about tuba, the biggest brass of all |
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1) all written in bass clef
2) all non-transposable
3) can’t do treble clef, so change a treble line to bass clef
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| What is the most popular tuba in symphony orchestra? |
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| 5 attributes of the orchestra tuba |
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1) play low notes (2 or 3 ledger lines below staff at least)
2) bass lines
3) combine with 3 trombones (like a men’s quartet)
4) can double cellos and/or basses (i.e. Wagner)
5) Rarely has a solo… plays very few notes
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| Baritone, aka euphonium looks like |
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| Baritone, aka euphonium always gets left out of |
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| orchestra. only plays in bands |
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| Baritone, aka euphonium is ______ trumpet |
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| pitched an octave below trumpet. In fact, the treble clef-reading baritone has the same fingerings as the trumpet (just sounds an oct. lower) and this we call a transposing instrument |
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| Baritone, aka euphonium, has the same range as ____ |
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| trombone. WHEN it is in bass clef (nontransposing) |
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Scoring for brass
if the dynamic is mf or louder:
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two horns are needed to balance one trumpet or one trombone
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Scoring for brass
below mf,
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Scoring for brass quartet
horns vs. trumpets
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horns are placed above trumpets in score in spite of their lower range (because trumpets played with timpani back in the classical period)
a few contemporary classical scores (e.g. some Prokofiev) place trumpets above horns as do all scores for band and wind ensemble
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| trumpets and horns sounds better in _____ spacing |
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| safe upward limit for entrance in horn |
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safe upward limit for entrance in trumpet
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safe upward limit for entrance in trombone
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| woodwind section of a professional orchestra includes: |
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minimum:
two flutes
two oboes
two clarinets
two bassoons
plus any or all of the auxiliary woodwinds:
piccolo, alto flute, English horn, Eb clarinet, bass clarinet, contrabassoon
keep in mind that any section could split to sub an aux inst.
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two ways to notate a divisi passage where only one section of instrument plays
(woodwinds)
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1) a. for top part, Have "1." or "1°" or "primo" written above the passage
b. for bottom part, have "2." or "2°" or "secondo" written above passage
2) a. written whole not rests below the passage
b. written whole not rests above the passage
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woodwinds
notate both instruments play in unison
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1. write "a2" above passage ("to two" in Italian")
2. double-stem if the instruments play same notes in just a few parts
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woodwinds in orchestra
divisi and unisono
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never used in orchestra for woodwinds!!!!! just show 1. or 2. and its dynamics when the part enters (below the staff unless 1 and 2 have different dynamic markings at the same time)
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woodwinds
slurring vs. phrasing
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| show slurring instead of phrasing |
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| relationship between strings’ bowing and slurring in the winds in a piece |
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1) sometimes the slur marks coincide with each other
2) the unified effect will be achieved, but sometimes slurs don’t line up because strings have to change bow
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Flatterzunge
It looks like fluttertongue if a drunken German man said it. "FLATTERZUNGE!"
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Oboe, Oboi
Italians + Oboes= "O Boi!"
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Hautbois, Hautbois
(yes it’s the same)
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Oboe, Oboen
old spelling: Hoboe, Hoboen
(this was back when the instruments wandered around homeless)
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horn
It. return to open (unmute)
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horn
Fr., return to open (unmute) |
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horn
Ger., return to open (unmute) |
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horn
safe lower limit for stopped notes
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| (written) Gg below middle C |
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horn
in muting and stopping, the pitch ____ and ____
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muting: lowers pitch a half step
stopped: raises pitch a half-step
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right?? please correct me if I’m wrong….
hint: muting lowers the volume of something. stopping is the opposite. In fact, if you tell some people to stop doing something, they’ll just get even more obnoxious or even raise things a half step
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horn
composite term calling for stopped and brassy tone
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Schalltrichter auf
or
Schalltrichter Hoch
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how to achieve lontano
(horns)
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marking: pp or ppp
"lontano"
some players employ a partly stopped tone
others stop completely
others play open extremely softly
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| how to find range of tuba |
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lowest note: go a tritone down from key of tuba
highest: 2 oct up from key
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| which register of instruments is good for closed position? |
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| which register of instruments is good for open position? |
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| Name and be able to; notate three brass section setups |
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| know what each instrument does well |
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what is the ;bore of the brass instrument?;
he said we needed to know this…..???????
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