glissando
a rapid slide up or down a scale
polychord
combination of two chords heard at the same time
fourth chord
the tones are a fourth apart instead of a third
tone cluster
a chord made up of tones only a half step or a whole step apart
polytonality
use of two or more keys at one time
bitonality
only two different keys are used at once
atonality
absence of tonality or key
polyrhythm
two or more contrasting independent rhythms at the same time
ostinato
a motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section
impressionism
stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity
pentatonic
five tone scales
whole tone scale
six different notes each a whole step away from the next.
neoclassicism

marked by emotional restraint, balance, and clarity.

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use musical forms and sylistic features of earlier periods, particularly of the eighteenth century.

primitivism
the deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds
expressionism

stressed intense, subjective emotion.

centered in germany and austria from 1905 and 1925

tone color melody
a succession of varying tone colors used as a musical idea in a composition
twelve tone system

offers the composer a new way of organizing pitch in a composition

gives equal importance to each of the twelve chromatic tones

systematized form of atonality

tone row, set or series

ordering or unifying idea of the twelve chromatic tones.

the composer creates a unique tone row for each specific piece